Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

Upregulated hsa_circ_0118578 in PTC interacts with EIF4A3 to exert oncogenic effects by enhancing hsa_circ_0118578 stability, contributing to PTC development. These findings shed light on the oncogenic role of hsa_circ_0118578 in PTC and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target.

We propose key diagnostic features for ITIs incorporating morphology and BRAF VE1, HBME-1, and galectin-3 IHC. The distinction between ITIs and metastatic PTC can be clinically relevant.

Early preoperative diagnosis of PTC HG in patients with early stages of this cancer type will allow clinicians to modify a treatment strategy toward a larger surgery volume and lymph node dissection and may provide indications for subsequent radioactive iodine therapy.

TBC1D12 5'UTR mutations were significantly associated with older age at diagnosis (60 vs. 46 for wild type, p = 0.003), pathological T3/T4 stage (85.7% vs. 37.7%, p = 0.010), and advanced tumor stages (85.7% vs. 32.5%, p = 0.006) in PTC. This preliminary study for the first time showed a high prevalence of TBC1D12 5'UTR mutations in ATC and indicated an association between TBC1D12 mutation and aggressive characteristics of PTC, which needs to be confirmed in large cohort studies.

This case emphasizes the value of comprehensive clinical-pathologic correlation and appropriate ancillary studies in the evaluation of cystic lymphadenopathy. Awareness of benign Müllerian inclusions and their mimicry of metastatic disease is essential for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.

BRAF mutation analysis can be performed on fixed fine needle aspiration cytology specimens. Although the frequency of the mutation is higher in specimens with higher Bethesda category scores, it could support clinical decision-making in thyroid nodules with intermediate Bethesda category scores.

These molecules could play crucial roles in both initiation and progression of PTC. This study identified potential novel blood-based miRNA biomarkers for PTC through bioinformatics analysis combined with the detection of human blood samples, thereby offering new possibilities for significant biomarkers associated with diagnosis and prognosis of PTC.

P=N/A, N=499, Enrolling by invitation, National Cancer Center, Korea | Not yet recruiting --> Enrolling by invitation

P=N/A, N=200, Recruiting, Shanghai 6th People's Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

The nine CIG-related TFs (CEBPB, SPI1, NFKB1, RUNX1, NFE2L2, REL, CIITA, KLF6, and CEBPD) in myeloid cells and three TFs (NFKB1, FOXO1, and NR3C1) in T/NK cells were obtained from the TRRUST database. The key genes we identified represent potential targets for treating ATC.

P=N/A, N=3000, Not yet recruiting, Chinese PLA General Hospital

P=N/A, N=294, Not yet recruiting, National Cancer Center, Korea

P=N/A, N=200, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai 6th People's Hospital

Blocking DPP4 leads to the conversion of exhausted CD8+ T cells with decreased IL13 level, resulting in downregulation of IL13RA2 to promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of PTC cells. This highlights DPP4 as a potential therapeutic target, particularly between CD8+ T cells and PTC cells via IL13-IL13RA2 axis, and represents a novel avenue for combined immunotherapy in PTC.

P=N/A, N=3772, Recruiting, Chinese PLA General Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for identifying therapeutic opportunities to overcome resistance. Successful treatment targeting bypass oncogenes has been reported in several instances, at least for short-term outcomes; in contrast, although several compounds have been reported to overcome on-target RET alterations, none have yet been translated into routine clinical practice and this remains an area of urgent clinical need.

P=N/A, N=1000, Active, not recruiting, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University

The findings of this study indicate that SIX1 expression is a marker of poor prognosis in PTC, suggesting that its high expression is linked with more aggressive tumor characteristics and advanced disease stages. Importantly, the impact of SIX1 expression varies between C-PTC and FV-PTC, predicting distinct prognostic factors in each subtype. This suggests that SIX1 could be utilized not only as a prognostic biomarker but also in developing subtype-specific therapeutic strategies for PTC patients.

Despite the fact that papillary thyroid carcinoma has a low incidence of regional and distant metastases, there are a few rare cases with distant metastases reported in the literature. Thus, awareness, especially among endocrinologists, and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to ensure early detection and efficient treatment of these rare cases, distant metastases being the main cause of mortality and of reduction of overall survival rate among these patients.

In this limited case series, two patients were dead at the last follow-up. Whether these findings are consistent within this patient population remains to be addressed as more patient series are published.

The specificity of CD56, CK19, and HBME-1 in diagnosing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from FA was 84.21%, 85%, and 84.21%, respectively. Our study highlights the diagnostic utility of CD56, CK19, and HBME-1 in thyroid neoplasms incorporating these markers into routine diagnostic panels can significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of thyroid malignancy assessments.

We presented the third case of synchronous PTC and SFTT. The co-occurrence of these tumors is likely incidental. However, further studies are needed to assess the physiopathology and molecular alterations of this association.

In conclusion, PTC in AYA patients differed from PTC in older patients. Particularly, BRAF p.V600E and TERT promoter mutations in AYA with PTC were less frequently observed than in older adults.

Although most PTMC has been widely defined as indolent disease, a non-negligible rate of patients may present one or more biologically aggressive features including nodal involvement. Nonsurgical management should be considered with caution to avoid undertreatment especially in the younger population.

P=N/A, N=130, Recruiting, University of Calgary | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

No abstract available

Mechanistically, METTL3 enhanced hsa_circ_0136959 expression through m6A modification. Our results demonstrate that METTL3-mediated m6A modification elevated hsa_circ_0136959 expression and subsequently restricted the tumor characteristics of PTC by accelerating ferroptosis.

P=N/A, N=160, Completed, Sun Yat-sen University | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024

P=N/A, N=80, Completed, Sun Yat-sen University | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Nov 2024

The 9-gene panel can detect individual cases with gene mutations indicating poor prognosis. The identification of patients with these special gene mutations has certain implications for the clinical management of them.

In addition, high levels of FGF21 were found to be 78.95% sensitive and 70% specific for capsular invasion. Our study demonstrated that FGF21 is associated with more severe papillary thyroid cancer clinicopathological features such as capsular invasion, lymphovascular involvement, TIRADS score, and BMI.

P2, N=21, Recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Initiation date: Nov 2024 --> Jul 2024

FNA-Tg has a higher diagnostic value for PTC LLNM, especially in small LNs.

No abstract available

The reason why identical mutations in the same miRNA processor gene can lead to such a myriad of thyroid conditions, ranging from benign TFND, to FTCs and PDTCs, remains unclear. This review highlights key features of miRNA regulator gene mutations in thyroid disease and explores their potential roles as drivers or progression events in tumor development.

Nodules with RAS mutations (NRAS, KRAS, HRAS) and TP53 inactivating mutations were considered to be in the intermediate-risk group, while those with non-pathogenic mutations (negative and variants of uncertain significance) were placed in the low-risk group. When combined with cytopathology, NGS increases the sensitivity of diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and the reference is useful for patient risk stratification.

P=N/A, N=12, Completed, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: May 2025 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: May 2025 --> Nov 2024

Additionally, FBP1 inhibited the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells by modulating HIF-1α expression. Our results provide new insights into the role of FBP1 in PTC progression and indicate that targeting the FBP1-HIF-1α axis could be a promising therapeutic approach for this disease.

The higher expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 may contribute to tumor progression. Therefore, combinational immunotherapy by these immune checkpoint inhibitors might be a promising strategy for clinical improvement in patients with thyroid cancer, especially those with ATC.

Following successful surgical management and the simultaneous diagnosis of a pulmonary relapse from a prior thyroid carcinoma, the patient remains under clinical surveillance. This is particularly significant given the patient's history of multiple tumors, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, prostate cancer, and SFT.

Preoperative FDG-PET non-invasively identifies lesions with residual high-risk pathologies following neoadjuvant BRAF-directed targeted therapy and immunotherapy for BRAF-mutated ATC. FDG-PET avidity may serve as an early prognostic marker which correlates with residual high-risk pathology in BRAF-mutated ATC following neoadjuvant therapy.

Our results suggest that CALML6 may be a novel diagnostic marker for PTC that is closely associated with the invasive and tall cell subtypes, and it may be a potential target for immunotherapy.