Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

This study presents a non-invasive and efficient alternative for predicting RET mutations in MTC, demonstrating the potential of hyperspectral imaging and integrated deep learning to advance precision oncology.

P2, N=174, Recruiting, Boehringer Ingelheim | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2026 --> Jan 2027

In our small case series, no association was demonstrated between simultaneous MTC/PTC and age, CEA, calcitonin levels, gender, or number of operations. This entity likely represents a primary tumor with an incidental pathologic finding of a second malignancy.

Our findings indicate that DLL3 is frequently expressed in MTC and its high expression identifies tumors with aggressive pathological characteristics and poor clinical outcomes. These results support DLL3 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in MTC, highlighting the need for further validation and integration into clinical trials of DLL3-directed therapies.

In such a situation, the possibility of coexistence of MTC and PTC should be highly suspected. A standardized surgical treatment plan should be selected, and during the pathological examination, standardized sampling and meticulous reading of the slides should be emphasized, combined with immunohistochemical detection, to reduce the risk of missed diagnosis, provide accurate pathological diagnosis, and thereby offer reliable basis for the formulation of postoperative treatment strategies and prognosis assessment.

Following 2 cycles of PRRT, minimal response was observed, and the lesions lost avidity. A subsequent 99mTc-FAPI scan demonstrated favorable uptake in the metastatic lesions, including a non-octreotide-avid hepatic lesion, suggesting the potential utility of FAPI-based radiopharmaceuticals for MTC management.

The Lapatinib-Bevacizumab combination produced the most potent inhibition of cell viability, comparable to high-dose monotherapy. These findings suggest that combining kinase inhibitors with Bevacizumab may enhance antitumor activity, allow the use of lower drug doses, and overcome resistance, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for medullary thyroid carcinoma that warrants further investigation in clinical settings.

An additional unique feature was an area demonstrating a "mixed" C-cell/thyroid follicular epithelial phenotype. In this review we review the possible etiologies of calcitonin-negative MTC, the possibility of a neoplastic sequential progression from ultimobranchial bodies to CCH/MMC to medullary thyroid carcinoma with the individual elements (UBB, CCH/MMC, MTC) demonstrated in this thyroid, and previous postulations that ultimobranchial bodies may be the source of some follicular thyroid cancers, medullary thyroid cancers, and mixed tumors of medullary and follicular epithelial types.

P2, N=50, Active, not recruiting, University of Alberta | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 --> Jun 2026

P=N/A, N=20, Active, not recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Trial completion date: Sep 2025 --> Aug 2026

P2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Nov 2025 --> Nov 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2025 --> Nov 2027

The combination of selpercatinib and cemiplimab was possible, with no new safety signals observed.