Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma

The detection of BRAF fusions and their many partners was enabled by the Afirma XA exome-enriched RNASeq panel. Although BRAF fusions occurred in only 0.2% of thyroid nodules, they were GSC-Suspicious and lacked typical BRAF/RAS mutations. Interestingly, expression signatures associated with malignancy varied by fusion partner.

P2, N=79, Terminated, Grupo Espanol de Tumores Neuroendocrinos | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Nov 2024 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Nov 2024; In compliance with current legislation applicable to Clinical Trials, following the instructions of the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products.

Accurately predicting the malignant pathology of FNs is challenging, and inducing gene panel testing will be helpful for managing FN tumors. Our scoring system would also be useful in estimating the risk of malignancy.

Neoadjuvant use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors seems extremely effective in downstaging surgically unresectable differentiated thyroid cancers to achieve R0 resection while avoiding unnecessary surgical morbidities. A multidisciplinary approach with early genomic profiling to guide personalized neoadjuvant use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors is essential. Prospective studies are urgently needed to define the potential role of neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced thyroid cancer management.

Targeted next-generation sequencing suggested that MYCN and GLI2/3 amplifications and TP53 mutations might be involved in progression of these follicular tumours to BCC. Our study confirms the high prevalence of BFH, representing up to 24% of skin tumours in NBCCS and potentially being BCC precursors.

To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date comparing the clinical application of abnormalities found on molecular testing for FTC and OTC. It further demonstrates the distinct clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of OTC.

While the identification of NIFTP represents a significant advancement in thyroid cancer diagnosis, challenges remain in refining preoperative diagnostic tools and establishing optimal long-term follow-up strategies. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of NIFTP, including its histopathological characteristics, molecular profile, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and future research directions.

P2, N=30, Recruiting, Massachusetts General Hospital | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Mar 2025

Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib and lenvatinib are utilized for treating RAI-refractory FTCs. In addition, given that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the most common driver gene for FTC, it is also important to develop RAS inhibitors.

Our data demonstrate high feasibility of [18F]SiTATE PET/CT in a small cohort of patients with MTC and DTC. The use of [18F]SiTATE may overcome logistical disadvantages of 68Ga-based tracers and facilitate SSTR-targeted PET/CT imaging of thyroid carcinoma.

Since 2016, patients with BRAFK601E-positive nodules receive less aggressive treatment. The risk of recurrence of BRAFK601E-positive tumors without other, high-risk features appears to be low, and lobectomy without radioiodine is likely sufficient treatment for these patients.

P1/2, N=263, Active, not recruiting, Salubris Biotherapeutics Inc | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

ThyraMIRv2 platform does not improve indeterminate thyroid nodule malignancy stratification compared to ThyGeNEXT-ThyraMIRv1 multiplatform test version 1. ThyraMIRv2 improves malignant RAS-mutated nodule detection but increases false positives. Future studies encompassing a larger cohort of RAS-mutated with surgical pathology results are warranted to better characterize the performance parameters of this classifier.

67% (95% CI: 35.65-48.84) and 26.79% (95% CI: 19.40-34.33), respectively, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.61% (95% CI: 92.86-97.99) and 94.07% (95% CI: 90.44-97.08) in the training and validation sets, respectively. The model can accurately rule out FTC in low-risk nodules, thereby providing surgeons with a practical tool to determine the necessary extent of surgical intervention for nodules flagged as suspicious by IOFS.

These findings suggest that the symbiotic relationship between these two cell types could represent a therapeutic vulnerability. This review examines the key components and signaling mechanisms involved in the synapses between B cells and Tfh cells, emphasizing their significant role in the pathobiology of AITL and potential as therapeutic targets.

"Given updated diagnosis, definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CRT, 7000 cGy in 35 fractions) with weekly cisplatin was administered...NUT IHC staining was negative, as has been reported due to tissue fixation. With inconsistent diagnostic tools for an already rare malignancy, our case highlights the role early NGS can play in diagnosis of unique cases that can alter management."

However, they did not affect clinical outcomes, possibly due to short follow-up. Reflex testing for this genetic alteration in miFTCs and miOTCs could be justified regardless of tumor size, though the clinical benefit remains uncertain.

In older adolescents with ITN, the A firma GSC showed excellent performance when de fining a true negative result by histology or clinical follow-up. Our findings indicate that an A firma GSC-B result appears reassuring and may allow for a more conservative management strategy in younger patients with ITN.

miRNA pairwise expression profiling enhances the miRNA algorithmic classifier and mutation status in assessing malignancy risk and allowed for further stratification of both RAS-positive and mutation-negative Bethesda V thyroid nodules.

Objective: In 2022, the OncomineTM Dx Target Test (ODxTT) was approved in Japan as a companion diagnostic for selecting patients eligible for selpercatinib for advanced thyroid cancer, introducing a multigene test for thyroid cancer... A total of 571 patients were enrolled. There were 357 women (62.5%) and 214 men (37.5%) with a mean age of 65.9 ± 14.2 years. Four hundred and 18 (73.2%) were papillary carcinoma (PTC), 56 (9.8%) follicular carcinoma (FTC), 31 (5.4%) poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDTC), 38 (6.7%) anaplastic carcinoma (ATC), 21 (3.7%) medullary carcinoma (MTC), and 7 (1.2%) others.

P2, N=41, Active, not recruiting, Grupo Espanol de Tumores Neuroendocrinos | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=79, Active, not recruiting, Grupo Espanol de Tumores Neuroendocrinos | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jul 2025

P4, N=50, Active, not recruiting, Eisai Pharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Dec 2024

This finding suggests that the PIK3CA gene should be considered in Cowden-like families when no other gene mutations have been found. Furthermore, this report contributes to characterization of the clinical phenotype caused by mutations in PIK3CA, which may be shared with other hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes.

Furthermore, with an immunohistochemical evaluation of primary melanomas and lung tumors, which exhibit highly activated p90RSK compared to corresponding normal tissue, we demonstrated that MDM2 stabilization was associated with p90RSK phosphorylation. The results indicate that p90RSK is able to control the proliferative rate and induction of apoptosis through the regulation of p53wt levels by stabilizing MDM2 in selected tumors with constitutively activated MAPKs, making p90RSK a new attractive target for anticancer therapy.

Consequently, the patient underwent a robotic-assisted diagnostic splenectomy. Histologic examination revealed portions of spleen with partial effacement of tissue architecture by a well-circumscribed nonencapsulated mass displaying atypical, spindled cells-positive for EBER (CISH), EBV LMP1, smooth muscle actin, and clusterin-mixed inflammatory elements, and interspersed small lymphocytes.

The unique genomic landscape of PHTS-associated thyroid tumors carries implications for molecular-targeted therapies for patients. Exome sequencing reveals the distinct mutational landscape of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome-associated thyroid cancers from sporadic counterparts, providing insights into tumor progression and behavior that could help improve diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment.

Serum TG should be measured as a risk factor of FTC. However, in HT patients, serum TSH levels can serve as a more reliable indicator for differentiating FTC from FTA preoperatively.

Although not common, malignant transformation in MCT should be considered in older patients with large tumor sizes and elevated CA-125 assessed as MCT in preoperative and intraoperative assessment. This ovarian malignancy suggests an aggressive behavior but complete resection with systematic staging and indicated adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy may improve survival.

P2, N=115, Active, not recruiting, Fudan University | Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Jun 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024

Atypia subcategories have differential ThyroSeq-defined ROMs and histologic outcomes. Combining atypia subcategory interpretation, ThyroSeq-defined ROMs and molecular results aids in optimal clinical management for indeterminate thyroid lesions.

(2) Firework MIP microvascular characteristics, Tg values and VI values can serve as parameters for the differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions. This study provides a novel approach idea for preoperative multimodal differentiation of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions.

She is on levothyroxine 100 mcg daily with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at a suppression goal of <0.1 mIU/L...We suggest monitoring patients like ours for both MTC and PTC, as if present in isolation. Our case highlights the clinical aspects of this condition and our current knowledge of its pathophysiology.

This case study demonstrates the clinical relevance of exercising caution in molecular testing and its interpretation of results. For genetic testing used for diagnostic purposes, rigorous validation or cross-checking using different methods should always be considered to ensure appropriate interpretation of molecular results.

Serum HIF-1α/HIF-2α and YKL-40 levels correlate with vascular invasion in FTC, and the combination of HIF-1α and YKL-40 predicts recurrence in patients with FTC.

P=N/A, N=300, Not yet recruiting, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital

P=N/A, N=5004, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University

P=N/A; Trial completion date: Mar 2024 --> Mar 2025

P=N/A, N=20, Recruiting, Mayo Clinic | Trial completion date: May 2025 --> Nov 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Nov 2026

This is our first description about the use of ThyroidPrint® test in our hospital. This is a very easy technique to perform and helps for a clinical decision about the thyroidectomy in AUS/FN thyroid nodules.

We can speculate that the manipulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis using anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies could reinstate the functional expression of NIS. However, based on our study, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that there is no correlation between the percentage of NIS- or PD-L1-expressing tumor cells in the primary tumor of lymph node metastatic PTC.

In conclusion, the present study identified five hub genes involved in the onset and progression of THCA. Furthermore, FN1 could serve as a candidate biomarker and a therapeutic target for THCA and may be a key gene mediating THCA immune infiltration.