Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

By integrating the 2024 international surveillance standards with emerging technologies, including Vision Transformer-based radiographic analysis and circulating tumor DNA monitoring, this review offers a proactive, evidence-based roadmap for identifying the predictors of malignancy and better management of the disease. Ultimately, this synthesis aims to equip clinicians and other healthcare profesionals with the predictive tools necessary to achieve definitive cures while minimizing the cumulative clinical and psychological burden on this genetically vulnerable population.

Thyroid bed FNA is a reliable method for detecting recurrent thyroid carcinoma, showing 100% cytohistologic concordance for TBS III and above. Tg is not universally elevated in recurrent tumors (sensitivity 57%), but an increased Tg level in the setting of nondiagnostic FNA warrants further evaluation. The 27% rate of unsatisfactory specimens likely reflects postsurgical scarring, which can clinically mimic recurrence.

Interpretability analysis using the SHAP framework revealed that BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², anxious or depressive psychological state, history of thyroid disease, ER positivity, and PR positivity positively influenced the model output. Decision tree models can effectively assist in evaluating the risk of SPTC in postoperative female breast cancer patients, providing a valuable reference for the formulation of personalized survivorship monitoring strategies.

Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of KU-57788 in ATC while revealing an intrinsic resistance mechanism mediated by DRP1 activation and the potential involvement of the NRF2/SLC7A11/GSH axis. More importantly, we provide strong evidence that combining KU-57788 with ferroptosis inducers significantly enhances its anticancer efficacy, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for ATC.

Genetic analysis of the orbital lesion revealed NRAS, TP53, and CDKN2A mutations. This case highlights the spectrum of uncommon metastases, discordance in molecular imaging, and importance of correlating molecular imaging with molecular pathology.

Furthermore, the effects of the covalent DNMT inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), and the DNMT1-selective inhibitor, GSK-3484862, on cell viability were evaluated in PTC and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) cell lines...Sustained inhibition of DNMT1 effectively reduced global DNA methylation and promoted apoptosis, highlighting the potential of prolonged DNMT1-targeted therapy. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions CYFRA 21-1 measurement in FNA washout shows promising diagnostic performance and may provide complementary information to cytology and thyroglobulin washout. However, the available evidence is limited and heterogeneous, and further prospective, multicenter studies with standardized protocols are required before routine clinical implementation can be recommended.

Lenvatinib induced vascular remodeling and immune infiltration, in contrast to fibrosis primarily seen with dabrafenib/trametinib. These histologic differences may have implications for future therapeutic decision-making.

P=N/A, N=102, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2027

P1/2, N=456, Recruiting, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd. | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Dec 2026

In vivo, lactylation-deficient CPT1A mutants (K180R/K285R) attenuated lung metastasis and subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice. This study reveals that lactate-CPT1A axis synergistically amplifies FAO to fuel PTC progression, suggesting CPT1A lactylation as a therapeutic vulnerability for metabolic intervention.