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10h
Role of sodium/iodide symporter overexpression in inhibiting thyroid cancer cell invasion and stem cell maintenance by inhibiting the β-catenin/LEF-1 pathway. (PubMed, Heliyon)
Thyroid cancer cells exhibit diminished expression of NIS, and the invasion and maintenance of stem cells in thyroid cancer cells were hindered by NIS OE through the inhibition of the β-catenin/LEF-1 pathway. Further research is warranted to comprehensively assess this outcome, which holds promise as a potential targeted treatment for thyroid cancer.
Journal
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SOX2 • POU5F1 (POU Class 5 Homeobox 1) • ALDH1A1 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1) • NANOG (Nanog Homeobox) • TCF4 (Transcription Factor 4)
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CD133 expression • POU5F1 expression
12h
Associations of PD-1 and PD-L1 gene polymorphisms with cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 50 studies. (PubMed, Aging (Albany NY))
The rs7421861 polymrophism decreased cancer risk among Caucasians, rather than the rs10815225 elevated cancer risk. Our results supported that PD-1 and PD-L1 SNPs were dramatically correlated with cancer risk.
Retrospective data • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1)
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PD-L1 rs2297136 • PD-L1 rs4143815
15h
The effects of Aurora Kinase inhibition on thyroid cancer growth and sensitivity to MAPK-directed therapies. (PubMed, Cancer Biol Ther)
We further demonstrated that combined MEK1/2 and AURKB inhibition slowed cell growth, which was phenocopied by inhibiting AURKB and ERK1/2. Finally, we show that combined AURKB and ERK1/2 inhibition induces apoptosis in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cell lines, together suggesting a potential combination therapy for BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer patients.
Journal
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AURKB (Aurora Kinase B)
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BRAF mutation
18h
Current State of Molecular Cytology in Thyroid Nodules: Platforms and Their Diagnostic and Theranostic Utility. (PubMed, J Clin Med)
While molecular testing has primarily served diagnostic purposes, advancements in understanding genetic alterations now offer therapeutic implications. FDA-approved options target specific genetic alterations, signaling a promising future for tailored treatments.
Review • Journal • Cytology
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Afirma® Genomic Sequencing Classifier • ThyGeNEXT® + ThyraMIR®
20h
Cyto-Histological Profile of MicroRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas. (PubMed, Genes (Basel))
All the analyzed miRNAs presented a tendency to be overexpressed in DTCs/PTCs when compared with benign lesions, both in cytology and histology samples. In cytology, miRNAs expression levels were higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors. In histology, the discriminative abilities regarding PTC diagnosis were as follows: miR-146b (AUC 0.94, 95% CI 0.87-1), miR-221 (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.9), miR-222 (AUC 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.89), and miR-15a (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.97). miR-146b showed 89% sensitivity (se) and 87% specificity (sp); miR-221 se = 68.4, sp = 90; miR-222 se = 73, sp = 70; and mi-R15a se = 72, sp = 80. MicroRNAs were associated with worst-prognosis clinicopathological characteristics in PTCs (p < 0.05), particularly for miR-222. Our data reveal a significant association between higher expression levels of miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 in the presence of the BRAF mutation (p < 0.001) and miR-146b (p = 0.016) and miR-221 (p = 0.010) with the RAS mutation, suggesting an interplay of these mutations with miRNAs expression. Despite this study having a relatively small sample size, overexpression of miRNAs in cytology may contribute to a more precise preoperative diagnosis. The miRNAs presented a good discriminative ability in PTC diagnosis. The association between the miRNAs expression profile and genetic alterations can be advantageous for an accurate diagnosis of DTCs/PTCs in FNAC.
Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus) • MIR221 (MicroRNA 221) • MIR16 (MicroRNA 16) • MIR146B (MicroRNA 146b) • MIR15A (MicroRNA 15a) • MIR222 (MicroRNA 222)
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BRAF mutation • RAS mutation
20h
A POT1 Founder Variant Associated with Early Onset Recurrent Melanoma and Various Solid Malignancies. (PubMed, Genes (Basel))
We advocate testing for this variant in high-risk patients of AJ descent. The inclusion of POT1 in germline panels for various types of cancer is warranted.
Journal
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POT1 (Protection of telomeres 1)
20h
miR-331-5p Affects Motility of Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines and Regulates BID Expression. (PubMed, Biomedicines)
TCGA data showed the downregulation of miR-331-5p and the upregulation of BID in TC tissues. In summary, deregulation of the miR-331-5p/BID axis could enhance the aggressiveness of TC cell lines, providing new insights into the mechanisms of the progression of this disease and suggesting a potential role of the component factors as possible biomarkers in TC tissues.
Preclinical • Journal
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BID (BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist) • MIR331 (MicroRNA 331)
20h
Association of BRAF V600E Mutant Allele Proportion with the Dissemination Stage of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. (PubMed, Biomedicines)
This study's results suggest that there is a heterogeneous distribution of the BRAF mutation and the presence of oligoclonal forms of PTC. It is likely that the BRAF mutation alone does not significantly contribute to PTC aggressiveness.
Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)
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BRAF V600E • BRAF V600
21h
Mutations in the Serine/Threonine Kinase BRAF: Oncogenic Drivers in Solid Tumors. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
With advancements in detection technologies, several approaches to the treatment of BRAF-mutant cancers have been taken. In this review, we retrace the milestones that led to the clinical development of targeted therapies currently available for these tumors.
Review • Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)
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BRAF V600E • BRAF mutation • BRAF V600
1d
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of rhTSH as An Adjunctive Diagnostic Tool in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Who Had Been Thyroidectomized Vs. Patients Who After Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal (clinicaltrials.gov)
P3, N=201, Completed, Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jul 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Jul 2023
Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone for injection (rhTSH)
1d
NKX2-1 gene is targeted by H19 lncRNA and is found to be overexpressed in benign nodular goiter tissues. (PubMed, Braz J Otorhinolaryngol)
NKX2-1 has been identified as the putative target of H19 lncRNA, which is overexpressed in nodular goiter tissues significantly.
Journal
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H19 (H19 Imprinted Maternally Expressed Transcript) • MIR182 (MicroRNA 182)
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H19 overexpression • NKX2-1 expression
1d
MiR-374a/b-5p Suppresses Cell Growth in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Through Blocking Exosomal ANXA1-Induced Macrophage M2 Polarization. (PubMed, Biochem Genet)
MicroRNA-374a-5p (miR-374a-5p) and microRNA-374b-5p (miR-374b-5p) were identified as inhibitors of ANXA1 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway activity, thereby inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization. Furthermore, miR-374a-5p and miR-374b-5p were observed to suppress PTC cell proliferation through their regulatory action on ANXA1. Our study suggests that miR-374a/b-5p inhibits PTC cell growth by blocking the macrophage M2 polarization induced by exosomal ANXA1.
Journal
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ANXA1 (Annexin A1) • MIR374A (MicroRNA 374a) • MIR374B (MicroRNA 374b)
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ANXA1 expression
2d
MIPA-MITT: Minimally Invasive Treatments of the Thyroid (clinicaltrials.gov)
P=N/A, N=270, Recruiting, European Institute of Oncology
New trial
2d
A Study of LOXO-260 in Cancer Patients With a Change in a Particular Gene (RET) That Has Not Responded to Treatment (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=110, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 --> Jun 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Jun 2025
Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
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RET fusion • RET mutation
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LOXO-260
2d
PALOMA: A Study of Amivantamab Subcutaneous (SC) Administration for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Malignancies (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=166, Recruiting, Janssen Research & Development, LLC | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Oct 2024
Trial primary completion date • Metastases
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MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)
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EGFR exon 20 insertion • EGFR exon 20 mutation
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Leclaza (lazertinib) • amivantamab SC (Ami-LC)
3d
Giant cell tumor of soft tissue involving thyroid gland: a case report and review of the literature. (PubMed, J Med Case Rep)
The significance of this case lies in its rarity, the challenge of preoperative clinical diagnosis, and the differential diagnosis with other malignancies.
Review • Journal
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VIM (Vimentin) • CD68 (CD68 Molecule)
3d
Elevated PDE4C level serves as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and correlates with poor survival in thyroid carcinoma. (PubMed, Sci Rep)
The findings of this study provide a partial basis for the role of PDE4 family in the occurrence and development of THCA. In addition, this study also suggested that PDE4C might be a potential prognostic marker of THCA, which could serve as a reference for future basic and clinical research.
Journal
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PDE4D (Phosphodiesterase 4D) • PDE4A (Phosphodiesterase 4A)
3d
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration thyroglobulin in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma and its influencing factors. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne))
The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of FNA in conjunction with FNA-Tg is a crucial approach for detecting LNM in DTC. TNM stage indicated N1b, the presence of HVLNM, the presence of HT, lymph node L/S ratio, liquefaction, calcification, tumor diameter, sTg and sTgAb are factors that can impact FNA-Tg levels.In the context of clinical application, it is imperative to individualize the use of FNA-Tg.
Journal
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TG (Thyroglobulin)
3d
Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of serum biomarkers as predictors of tumor dynamics following lenvatinib treatment in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). (PubMed, CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol)
Longitudinal tumor measurements over time were reasonably well defined by a tumor growth inhibition Emax model, which in addition to lenvatinib exposure, included model-predicted relative changes from baseline over time for Tie-2 and Ang-2 as having significant association with tumor response. The developed PK/PD models pave the way for dose optimization and potential prediction of clinical response.
PK/PD data • Journal
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PDGFRA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha) • FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23)
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Lenvima (lenvatinib)
3d
Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell subtype (PTC-TC) and high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma tall cell phenotype (HGDTC-TC) have different clinical behaviour: a retrospective study of 1456 patients. (PubMed, Histopathology)
Compared with PTC-TC, HGDTC-TC is associated with adverse clinicopathological features, a higher frequency of TERT promoter mutations (59% in HGDTC-TC versus 34% in PTC-TC) and incurs a significantly worse prognosis. HGDTC-TC is an independent prognostic factor for carcinoma with tall cell morphology. This validates the concept of HGDTC and the importance of tumour necrosis and high mitotic count for accurate diagnosis and prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
Retrospective data • Journal
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TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase)
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TERT mutation • TERT promoter mutation
4d
"Examining the link between tooth agenesis and papillary thyroid cancer: is there a risk factor?" Observational study. (PubMed, Prog Orthod)
Our study suggests a possible link between odontogenesis and PTC. The absence of permanent teeth may increase the likelihood of PTC in women. Leveraging the age-7 orthopantomogram to identify women at high risk for PTC within a critical early detection window could significantly improve oral health outcomes and PTC prognosis through proactive interventions.
Observational data • Journal
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FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FGF3 (Fibroblast growth factor 3) • FGF10 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 10)
4d
Evaluation of the follicular patterned thyroid lesions based on the WHO 2022 criteria with an emphasis on the grey-zone lesions. (PubMed, Ann Diagn Pathol)
Using WHO 2022 criteria, we were able to re-classify follicular thyroid lesions with greater confidence. Appropriate IHC panel in adjunct to histology aids in categorizing challenging cases.
Journal
|
NCAM1 (Neural cell adhesion molecule 1) • KRT19 (Keratin 19)
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BRAF V600E • BRAF V600
4d
Developing Dynamic Structure-Based Pharmacophore and ML-Trained QSAR Models for the Discovery of Novel Resistance-Free RET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. (PubMed, ChemMedChem)
In this study, a structure-based dynamic pharmacophore-driven approach using E-pharmacophore modeling from molecular dynamics trajectories is proposed to select low energy favorable hypotheses, and ML-trained QSAR models to predict pIC50 values of compounds. For this aim, extensive small molecule libraries were screened using developed ligand-based models and potent compounds which are capable of inhibiting RET activation were proposed.
Journal
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RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
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RET mutation
6d
Advances in targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne))
The concepts discovered during this investigation have the potential to completely transform the way that care is provided, bringing in a new era of personalized, precision medicine. This paradigm shift could improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with thyroid cancer and act as an inspiration for advances in other cancer types.
Review • Journal
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BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
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BRAF mutation • RET mutation
6d
Cytomorphology of monomorphic spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements: A case with local recurrence after subtotal resection. (PubMed, Diagn Cytopathol)
We herein present the cytologic findings of monomorphic SETTLE and highlight the potential cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic pitfalls. We also highlight how tumors with high-risk features can be a therapeutic challenge.
Journal
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NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) • TP63 (Tumor protein 63)
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TTF1 negative
6d
Comprehensive evaluation of cytomorphologic, histologic, and molecular features of DICER1-altered thyroid lesions on FNA: A multipractice experience. (PubMed, Cancer Cytopathol)
DICER1-altered thyroid lesions occurred frequently in young females and FNAs show RAS-like cytomorphology including crowded, mixed macro-/microfollicular pattern, and bland nuclear features. On resection, DICER1-altered thyroid lesions include benign (50%), low-risk lesions (30%), or high-risk malignancies (20%).
Journal
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DICER1 (Dicer 1 Ribonuclease III)
6d
BUB1/KIF14 complex promotes anaplastic thyroid carcinoma progression by inducing chromosome instability. (PubMed, J Cell Mol Med)
Inhibition of BUB1 by its inhibitor BAY-1816032 also exhibited considerable anti-tumour activity...Overexpression of the KIF14ΔSer1292 mutant was unable to facilitate the aggressiveness of ATC cells when compared with that of the wild type. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the BUB1/KIF14 complex drives the aggressiveness of ATC by inducing CIN.
Journal
|
BUB1 (BUB1 Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Kinase)
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BAY-1816032
7d
MYB/LINC00092 regulatory axis promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma. (PubMed, Endokrynol Pol)
Our study validated that LINC00092 is a tumour suppressor lncRNA in PTC. MYB directly or indirectly represses LINC00092, which contributes to the PTC progression. MYB, LINC00092, and miR-4741 form a coherent feed forward loop. The axis of MYB-LINC00092 promotes progression of PTC.
Journal
|
LINC00092 (Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 92)
7d
p53-associated miRNAs repress lncRNA ZFAS1 to retard the proliferation of papillary thyroid carcinoma. (PubMed, Endokrynol Pol)
The oncogenic lncRNA ZFAS1 is directly repressed by p53 in PTC. p53-mediated miRNAs including miR-135b 5p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-34b repress ZFAS1 expression, and thereby inhibit the proliferation of PTC.
Journal
|
MIR135B (MicroRNA 135b) • MIR193A (MicroRNA 193a) • ZFAS1 (ZNFX1 Antisense RNA 1) • MIR34B (MicroRNA 34b)
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TP53 mutation • TP53 expression
7d
lncRNA HCG22 regulated cell growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer via negatively modulating miR-425-5p. (PubMed, Endokrynol Pol)
HCG22 served as a tumour promoter in PTC cells, which regulated cell proliferation and metastasis via negatively regulating miR-425-5p.
Journal
|
MIR425 (MicroRNA 425)
7d
New trial
7d
Value of follow-up diagnostic radioiodine scans in differentiated thyroid cancer. (PubMed, Endocr Connect)
Our data suggest that the first follow-up, four to twelve months after the initial therapy of DTC, including the measurement of basal and stimulated Tg levels and Tg antibody levels, does not mandate a diagnostic WBS on all patients.
Journal
|
TG (Thyroglobulin)
7d
Clinical description of two cases of Cowden syndrome and the implication regarding thyroid cancer. (PubMed, Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep)
The diagnosis of Cowden syndrome can be made with a combination of major and minor criteria: any two major criteria with or without a minor criterion; one major and one minor criterion; or three minor criteria. Patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for Cowden syndrome should undergo genetic screening.
Journal
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PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog)
|
PTEN mutation
8d
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
|
BRAF V600E • BRAF V600
|
Mekinist (trametinib) • Tafinlar (dabrafenib)
8d
Nivolumab Plus Lenvatinib Against Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (NAVIGATION) (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=51, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Center Hospital East | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
Enrollment closed
|
Opdivo (nivolumab) • Lenvima (lenvatinib)
8d
Augmentation of Radioiodine Uptake by Pulmonary Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated with Dabrafenib and Trametinib. (PubMed, Nucl Med Mol Imaging)
Diffuse increased radioiodine uptake by pulmonary metastasis was visualized on post ablation whole body scan. Response to second radioiodine ablation was demonstrated by decrease in size of pulmonary nodules seen on chest CT, along with decrease of thyroglobulin level.
Journal
|
TG (Thyroglobulin)
|
Mekinist (trametinib) • Tafinlar (dabrafenib)
8d
Mechanisms of vemurafenib-induced anti-tumor effects in ATC FRO cells. (PubMed, Heliyon)
The protein expression levels of Bax and E-cadherin were up-regulated significantly, and the expression levels of BRAF, CyclinD1, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were markedly down-regulated with increasing concentrations of vemurafenib (P < 0.05). The proliferation and metastasis of FRO cells can be suppressed by vemurafenib through the silencing of BRAF and BANCR expression, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.
Journal • IO biomarker
|
BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • CDH1 (Cadherin 1) • BAX (BCL2-associated X protein)
|
BRAF mutation • BCL2 expression • CCND1 expression • CDH1 expression • BAX expression
|
Zelboraf (vemurafenib)
8d
GDF10 and IDO1 as a thyroid cancer prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration. (PubMed, Heliyon)
Three interaction factors were found to be related to the two hub genes, and 7 kinds of drugs screened act on the two hub genes at the same time. This work indicated that immune-related gene GDF10 and immune checkpoint IDO1 are important for the prognosis prediction of THCA patients, and immunity is involved in the proliferation, and differentiation of tumor cells.
Journal • IO biomarker
|
IDO1 (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) • TGFB1 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1)
8d
Using Chronobiology to Improve Lenvatinib Efficacy (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=10, Recruiting, Hadassah Medical Organization
New P1 trial
|
Lenvima (lenvatinib)