Thymoma

Additionally, pathway enrichment suggested that NUMB is involved in the Wnt pathway. This study highlights the predictive role of CTNNB1 across cancers, suggesting that CTNNB1 might serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various malignant tumors.

A 64-year-old female patient with a history of myasthenia gravis and thymoma treated with prednisolone (10 mg/day) and cyclosporine (150 mg/day) experienced erythema on her trunk after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) onset...During the disease course, candida fungemia and cytomegalovirus infection developed, resulting in the patient's death. The TAMA was considered to have been caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines, autoreactive T cell activation, and regulatory T cell dysfunction induced by COVID-19.

GEPIA validated that LGALS3BP was significantly upregulated in thymoma patients. In conclusion, LGALS3BP might be an essential biomarker to identify thymoma from the thymic cyst.

This is the first report of B cell deficiency in 5 thymoma tissues of GS patients.

This study presents a powerful and promising approach to overcoming the limitations of EV-based cancer vaccines, advancing the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. SUMMARY: Immunization with EVs that are co-associated with antigen and biotherapeutic cargo through a lyophilization-based technique elicits potent anti-cancer immunity.

The study provides a comprehensive overview of paclitaxel usage from 1996 through 2022 and highlights potential drug interactions that may affect treatment outcomes. While the impact of prescription drugs on paclitaxel discontinuation is uncertain, paclitaxel and antidepressants do not have significant drug-drug interactions.

However, few were evaluated in low-prevalence settings. Further evaluation is necessary before implementing these biomarkers for intrathoracic cancers in primary care.

A small fraction of TTF-1-positive gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas represents a pitfall mimicking enteric-type pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Combined analysis of TTF-1 and Napsin-A improves the specificity of pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosis.

Salus IRB, Protocol STC15-22101. All patients gave informed consent before participation.

Finally, we found that five key genes and immune cell infiltrations presented varying degrees of correlation. Our study identified five key potential pathogenic genes that predisposed thymoma to the development of MG, which provided potential diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for MG patients with thymoma.

© 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Combination treatment with the GRP78 inhibitor DPT and pharmacological autophagy inhibitors will be a meaningful method of obviating osteosarcoma cells.

MG-concomitant IIM is often associated with thymoma. The immunopathology mechanism may be different from that of pure MG or IIM, which needs further research.

P=N/A, N=0, Completed, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, People’s Republic of China.; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Based on histopathological and molecular results, the diagnosis of cryptococcal inflammatory pseudotumour was made. Only a few cases of cryptococcal inflammatory pseudotumours have been reported in the literature, mainly in HIV-positive patients. Our patient was not HIV-positive but ten months before the wedge resection, she had a type B2 thymoma treated with induction chemotherapy and consecutive resection (R1) as well as adjuvant chemotherapy.

The pooled estimated expression level of PD-L1 is 0.71 ([0.59-0.81]). This systematic review provides an overview of the gene alteration landscape and PD-L1 expression levels in TETs, discovers several potential confounding factors that may contribute to the high heterogeneity, and facilitates deeper investigations into the elucidation of the molecular landscape of TETs.

The patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, but symptoms recurred soon after. Eventually, the diagnosis of Goods syndrome was made based on the presence of B-cell loss, decreased immunoglobulin levels, an inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio on admission, and a previous history of thymoma.

ADAM10 is also negatively associated with tumor immunosuppression and interrelated with the immune infiltration of tumors. Overall, the present study determined ADAM10 expression by AD, CD and m6 2A, and in AD or CD/ADAM10/LAG3 signaling in cancers, and suggested a potential method for immunotherapy of cancers by targeting ADAM10 using the small molecules AD, CD and m6 2A.

Our study identified 5 hub genes (CTNNB1, EGFR, SOX2, ERBB2, and EGF) and their 5 regulatory miRNAs in TAMG, and the hub genes were correlated with multiple immune cell infiltrations and immune checkpoint-related markers. Our findings could help partially clarify the pathophysiology of TAMG, which could be new potential targets for subsequent clinical immunotherapy.

A WB and immunohistochemistry staining comparison of primary and disseminated lesions of TETs using surgical specimens showed upregulated expression of ACTN4, β-catenin, and Slug proteins in disseminated lesions. In summary, our study suggests ACTN4 is associated with malignant potential characteristics such as invasion and dissemination in TETs via the β-catenin/Slug pathway.

Our findings revealed prognostic biomarkers such as TP53/CDKN2A and potential therapeutic targets such as KIT. Because thymic carcinoma is extremely rare, sharing molecular profiling data could provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving the development of these tumors.

This report highlights histological features in atypical thymoma that may be confused with other tumors, especially thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Separation of these tumors may be important for patient management and prognosis.

Draggability analysis identified the therapeutic target genes PTGS2 and ALB, along with significant drugs including Firocoxib, Alclofenac, Pyridostigmine, and Stavudine...The interaction between numerous activated B cells and follicular helper T cells is closely associated with THYM-MG pathogenesis from a bioinformatics perspective. Hub genes (including SP6, SCUBE3, B3GNT7, and MAGEL2) may be downregulated in immune cells in THYM-MG and associated with progression.

We can conclude that wild-type enriched HSPCs transplantation into young Atm-deficient mice can ameliorate A-T hematopoietic phenotypes and prevent tumor of hematopoietic origin.

CMV retinitis is a rare disorder that can affect patients suffering any kind of immunodeficiency. It is associated with a high visual morbidity despite adequate treatment. CD4 + cell counts are usually higher than those in HIV patients, but B-cell dysfunction is common.

These results indicate that IHC of both YAP1(N) and YAP1(C) is recommended to obtain staining patterns almost unique to MT. The biological significance of YAP1 in high-grade TETs warrants further investigation.

This report underscores the critical role of a multifaceted diagnostic approach, including histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses, in the identification of MT. The detection of the YAP1::MAML2 gene fusion through FISH analysis provides a robust diagnostic marker, highlighting the necessity for clinical and pathological vigilance for this rare tumor.

P=N/A, N=30, Recruiting, Assiut University | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Dec 2024

TROP2 expression in thymic carcinoma was confirmed by both RNA-seq and IHC, with high expression observed in IHC for intensity (76.9%) and proportion. TROP2 could be a potential target in thymic carcinoma.

In recent years, both conventional metaplastic thymomas and this subset showing malignant transformation have been associated with recurrent YAP1::MAML2 fusions. We report a metaplastic thymoma showing transformation to squamous cell carcinoma, that to our knowledge is the fourth reported in the literature with transition to overtly malignant features and the first showing pure carcinomatous transformation, and in which YAP1::MAML2 fusion was demonstrated via next generation sequencing.

Mechanically, upon LGALS3BP depletion, the tumor-suppressive function was dependent on inactivating Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that LGALS3BP employs a pro-tumorigenic function in HCC and may be a promising HCC prognostic marker.

P2, N=55, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 --> Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Jun 2025

He presented multiple severe relapses despite complete thymoma resection, intravenous methylprednisolone with immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis, and mycophenolate mofetil. Second-line immunotherapy with rituximab was successful to alleviate symptoms and normalize the EEG and MRI after identification of anti-GABAA receptor antibodies on more comprehensive neural antibody testing for autoimmune encephalitis. This case demonstrates the complexity and importance of identifying pathogenic antibodies and selecting 2nd line treatment accordingly in patients with autoimmune encephalitis when multiple antibodies coexist. Despite tumor resection, aggressive immunotherapy may be needed to prevent further deterioration in anti-GABAA receptor encephalitis.

Lenvatinib combined with pembrolizumab is a potential standard treatment in pre-treated advanced B3-thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Toxicity profile is manageable but close monitoring is advised.

P=N/A, N=24, Terminated, Washington University School of Medicine | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> May 2024 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> May 2024; Futility

Heterozygosity for p.Pro554Ser in the TLR3 gene, which increases susceptibility to severe COVID-19, and homozygosity for CCR5 c.554_585del, associated to severe WNV infection, were found. Neutralizing anti-IFN-α and anti-IFN-ω auto-antibodies were detected, likely induced by the underlying thymoma and increasing susceptibility to both severe COVID-19 pneumonia and West Nile encephalitis.

Our study elucidated the anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of DiCQAs from I. kudingcha, highlighting the potential of targeting gut microbiota, particularly Acetatifactor sp011959105 and Acetatifactor muris carrying the BSH gene, as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate FXR-FGF15 signaling and ameliorate diabetes.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ongoing under evaluation in the advanced or metastatic diseases despite the challenges related to the very low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the high incidence of immune-related adverse events in TETs. In this regard, predictive impact of tissue biomarkers expression such as programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and other emerging biomarkers, as well as their optimal and shared interpretation are currently under evaluation in order to predict response rates to ICIs in TETs.

Lenvatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, is approved as a drug therapy for thymic carcinoma (TC); however, although it is a molecular targeted therapy, there are no obvious predictors of therapeutic efficacy...Furthermore, the pathological stage was the only factor significantly associated with OS in multivariate analysis. The results of the present study suggest the possibility that the indications for VEGF inhibitor therapy could be extended to type B3 thymoma.

This patient had pleural dissemination and was treated with two cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens including carboplatin and paclitaxel combination therapy and pemetrexed, which did not have the desired effect. After three courses, the pleural lesions dramatically shrunk, which confirmed a partial response. Although MSI-high thymoma is rare, our results suggest the necessity to evaluate MSI status in patients with thymoma.

Following surgery, we performed vaginal lavage with antibiotics in addition to resection of local cervical and vaginal lesions. This study provides a fresh perspective on the management of genital malacoplakia.

In urothelial carcinoma (UCC), RPN1 demonstrates potential in predicting the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune therapy. This study underscores RPN1's role in facilitating disulfidptosis, its broad relevance as a pan-cancer biomarker, and its association with the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immune therapy.