This trial has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and began patient enrollment in January 2024. The trial will provide insights into the safety and effectiveness of a novel combinatorial therapy for BCBM.

DPYD rs4294451 T-allele count and male sex were significantly associated with reduced 5-FU drug exposure. DPYD rs4294451 and male sex merit further evaluation as candidate biomarkers to inform initial dosing of infusional 5-FU.

The discovery of rare DPYD variants followed by functional characterization may aid in further optimization of fluoropyrimidine dosing.

Serum COX-2 levels did not show a significant change with capecitabine-based therapy, regardless of the use of topical diclofenac possibly reflecting the predominant stromal production of the enzyme. This finding highlights the need to assess HFS-affected tissues for local COX-2 immuno-expression along with further blood-based biomarkers.

Given the patient's advanced age, poor physical condition, and refusal of surgery, a palliative treatment plan of "Raltitrexed + Sintilimab" was finally decided upon after a multidisciplinary consultation. This case highlights the importance of adequate sampling in the diagnosis of gastric squamous cell carcinoma to avoid misdiagnosis due to limited specimens. It also provides a potential treatment option of immune therapy combined with low-dose chemotherapy for elderly patients with gastric squamous cell carcinoma who are not suitable for surgery.

UESL should be included in the differential diagnosis of atypical liver masses, even in elderly patients. Early surgical resection offers the best chance for survival, though outcomes remain dismal in advanced age due to rapid recurrence and metastasis. Heightened awareness of this entity is crucial to mitigate diagnostic delays.

P=N/A, N=150, Not yet recruiting, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Center, India

P2, N=30, Recruiting, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

This study investigates the role of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in MDA-MB-231 cells under 660 nm diode laser irradiation with 100 mW Laser power...Results showed increased sensitivity of the MDA-MB-231 cells to the 5-FU and decreased ability to maintain redox equilibrium. These findings highlight the crucial role of NGQDs in facilitating triplet state formation and robust ROS generation, ultimately potentiating 5-FU's anticancer efficacy and paving the way for innovative combinational therapies.

P2, N=90, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital

Results demonstrated that these phytochemicals exhibited superior binding affinities compared to standard therapy, 5-fluorouracil, with alpha-tocopherol notably outperforming it...Stability assessments showed consistent parameters throughout the simulation. Overall, the prioritized phytochemicals from A. muricata, especially alpha-tocopherol, exhibit significant anticancer potential and stability, supporting further experimental validation and development as therapeutic agents for colon cancer.

Chidamide promoted the sensitivity of GC to 5-FU by suppressing the HDAC3/HNF4A/TYMS axis. This research may provide a foundation for using chidamide to counteract resistance to 5-FU in GC.