Thymic Carcinoma

P2, N=9, Active, not recruiting, Dwight Owen | N=30 --> 9 | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=31, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Chest Hospital

In this cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with lung SCC, a meaningful number of patients experienced misdiagnosis, which was identified using a multipronged AI-assisted approach. Diagnosis changes prompted by AI and orthogonal evidence may assist clinicians in prognostication and therapy selection.

The AR is expressed in a considerable fraction of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms and is associated with male predominance. This observation has implications for investigation of androgen deprivation and receptor blockade.

Finally, we review rational therapeutic strategies such as vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors-ICI combinations, radiotherapy-ICI approaches, perioperative immunotherapy, and emphasize the need for biomarker-enriched trial design. TETs provide a powerful model to understand how failure of central tolerance can simultaneously sensitize tumors to immune attack and prime patients for catastrophic toxicity, with implications that extend to other low-TMB, immune-infiltrated malignancies.

Locally advanced and metastatic thymic carcinoma remains challenging to manage, making this patient's response particularly noteworthy. Given that the therapeutic strategies for thymic tumors have remained largely unchanged in recent years, dose-dense chemotherapy may represent a promising addition to the current treatment paradigm, though further investigation is needed to evaluate its broader applicability.

Network and pathway analyses revealed convergent oncogenic hubs and distinct signaling dependencies across subgroups. This large-scale integrative study provides a re ned map of the genetic landscape of thymic epithelial tumors, highlights biologically meaningful heterogeneity, and establishes a framework to guide future research and the development of targeted therapies.

Although tissue-agnostic therapy has expanded the reach of precision oncology, thoracic and H&N cancers remain underrepresented in registrational evidence. Most approvals rely on single-arm basket studies with small, heterogeneous subsets that preclude histology-specific conclusions. Future research should prioritize histology-enriched trial designs, standardized molecular diagnostics, and real-world validation to establish reliable, equitable standards of care for these underrepresented malignancies.

Tumor informed ctDNA strategies show particular promise for postoperative monitoring and longitudinal disease assessment, whereas broader clinical adoption remains investigational. Further prospective, multicenter studies are needed to establish standardized workflows and clarify the role of liquid biopsy across diagnostic, therapeutic, and surveillance contexts in TETs.

TC appears to be a heterogeneous disease, exhibiting varying genomic alteration rates. Several somatic and germline aberrations, some of which have been reported in this article for the first time, warrant further investigation for their hinted prognostic value and clinical implications.

P2/3, N=116, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

CD5, CD117 and Glut1 are diffusely expressed in MNC, but not in MNT. The genetic alterations in MNC are more diverse than those of MNT, but MNC lacks the characteristic GTF2I mutation of MNT.