THY1 (Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein)

We discuss the pathological implications of LMs dysfunction and critically evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies, including LMs-enriched tissue-engineered constructs for limbal stem cell deficiency and other ocular surface disorders. By synthesizing the current knowledge and identifying key gaps in understanding, this review aims to guide further research and accelerate the clinical translation of LMs-based regenerative therapies.

This promotes HPC differentiation into HCSCs, marked by increased spheroid formation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Silencing EpCAM or β-catenin reverses these effects, confirming that the HCV core-β-catenin-EpCAM axis is a key pathway in HCV-related HCC.

This, in turn, affects SLC1A5-mediated glutamine metabolism and ferroptosis in GC cells, ultimately facilitating GC progression. Our results suggest that CD90 plays an important role in regulating glutamine metabolism in GC cells, providing important experimental evidence for elucidating the pathogenesis of GC.

Examination of CD8+ TILs revealed unique aspects of the TAS response characterized by reduced phenotypic cluster heterogeneity and heightened levels of PD-1+CD39+CD44+CD8+ TILs versus endogenous CD8+ TILs from the same tumors. Future studies using this model should yield insights into the biology of TAS CD8+ TILs in renal tumors and facilitate the development of novel immunotherapies for patients with RCC.

Unique features of THGF-driven proliferation of these cells include a colchicine-resistant DNA synthesis and, presumably, the formation of a "daughter" cell pool within "mother" cell-like structures, as well as the formation of colony-cluster-like structures, which are presumably composed mainly of single activated mother DN1 and surrounding daughter TLPs progressing from DN2 to DN4 stage...The presented analysis proposes the concept of intrathymic dormant stem cells, which become activated under extreme conditions, and insights into parallels between THGF-responsive cells and other radioresistant thymic populations, suggesting an integrated network of stromal and lymphoid elements that orchestrate thymic regeneration. Together, this review proposes a model in which THGF acts as a critical regulator of dormant intrathymic stem cells, enabling their activation, protected proliferation, and differentiation, and thereby contributing crucially to the lymphoid lineage of thymic regeneration after irradiation, in addition to the concept of the IL-22-dependent pathway of stromal-epithelial regeneration of intrathymic niches microenvironment.

AE infection drives a transition from acute inflammation to chronic immune regulation through extensive lineage diversification and functional reprogramming of CD8+ T cells. Spatially organized DC-T-cell interactions likely contribute to maintaining a regulated yet immunologically active microenvironment, providing insights for targeting chronic-stage immune responses in AE.

Together, our findings suggest that the TWEAK/NF-κB/STAT3 axis represents an attractive target to tune inflammatory stroma/monocyte crosstalk.

These findings demonstrate that MSC-derived exosomes can efficiently encapsulate and deliver PTX, enhancing its antitumor efficacy. This exosome-based platform offers a promising strategy to overcome pharmacological barriers and improve therapeutic outcomes in PDAC.

IDH mutant gliomas and IDHwt GBM express different progenitor cell markers. THY1 is highly expressed in IDH mutant gliomas.

NCAM-positive NCLCs derived from hiPSCs enhance peripheral nerve regeneration through vascularization and Schwann cell-mediated remyelination, resulting in structural and functional recovery equivalent to autografts. This strategy offers a safe, scalable alternative to donor nerve harvest, and integration with bioengineered conduits could further expand clinical applicability in peripheral nerve reconstruction.

The gap between pre‑clinical findings and clinical applications highlights the need for further investigation. Extensive research is still required to elucidate how therapeutic interventions achieve efficacy, ensure safety, and identify optimal strategies for targeting different organs in combination with other pharmacological agents.

Upon a 48-hour treatment with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel, HGSC cells in tri-component tumoroids exhibited higher chemoresistance than HGSC-only tumoroids. Generated using a 384-well hanging drop array, these tri-component tumoroids are compatible with high-throughput drug screening. This versatile platform can be adapted for a range of stromal cell types, making it broadly applicable for studying ovarian as well as other solid tumor microenvironments.