THBS2 (Thrombospondin 2)

Elevated mRNA levels of EMP3, THBS2, and ITGA5 were significantly correlated with poorer overall survival. Fn and Pg can promote invasive phenotypes in CRC through distinct mechanisms, each modulating a unique subset of p-EMT and without instigating a complete, coordinated EMT gene signature.

Ectopic expressions of DNMT1 impose an epigenetic checkpoint at those target loci by methylation of promoter DNA of the respective genes. We conclude that, gene specific hypomethylation of some genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL4A1, SPP1, SPARC, and THBS2 drives COAD and would serve as potential markers for COAD screening.

Furthermore, depletion of THBS2+ fibroblasts enhanced polyp formation but suppressed tumor formation in a thymidine kinase 1/ganciclovir/azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium mouse model. The comprehensive multi-omics atlas and complementary data presented here will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CRC malignant transformation and may provide a potential therapeutic target.

Adding ANPEP and PIGR to a plasma biomarker panel of CA19-9 and THBS2 enhances the detection of early-stage PDAC when comparing cancer versus healthy or nonmalignant DC. Given the concordance of our data in two retrospective phase II studies, assessments in prediagnostic cases are warranted.

Moreover, SULF1 silencing enhances sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. In conclusion, targeting SULF1 and its regulatory network may provide new therapeutic strategies for CC.

Together, these results identify a synaptically specialized OPC population in both developing and adult human cortex and reveal that eSyn-OPCs possess unexpectedly rich synaptic signaling machinery. These findings suggest that human OPCs may participate directly in neuron-glia communication during early cortical development and raise the possibility of developmental stage-specific roles for eSyn-OPCs in shaping neural circuit formation.

This TWAS identified novel genes for MD phenotypes and breast cancer risk, and prioritized genes at known GWAS loci that are likely to be causally associated through their expression levels in mammary epithelial, fibroblast, or adipocyte cells. Disentangling the distinct effects of gene expression in different mammary cell types through cell-type-aware analysis can yield new gene discoveries and insights into the biological basis of dense vs. nondense breast tissue.

report the identification of two transcriptionally distinct renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombus subtypes. The aggressive TT1 subtype is characterized by LOX-expressing cancer cells within an immunosuppressive microenvironment dominated by THBS2+ fibroblasts and GPNMB+ macrophages that exclude CD8+ T cells.

Immunofluorescent double staining was used to examine the co-expression of CD31 in α-SMA-positive CAFs to identify whether the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is involved in the origin, and obvious colocalization was observed. Visium and Visium HD spatial transcriptomics further revealed endothelial cells (ECs) exhibited remarkable co-expression of CAF-specific marker genes and revealed inferred developmental trajectories to CAFs; molecular determinants, including TIMP1, IGFBP7, THBS2, CD74, COL4A1, COL4A2, AEBP1, S100A6, KCTD12, CALD1, IGHG1, SERPINE1, MCL1, MGP, GSTP1, TAGLN, THBS1, and CTGF, were positively correlated with the spatial developmental trajectories of ECs to CAFs; and CTGF exhibited extensive interactions with other common positively correlated molecular determinants and was a highly connected node in the interaction network. ECs that undergo EndoMT may be one of the potential cellular and mechanical origins of CAFs in HCC, and the development of EndoMT may be associated with CTGF.

This study identifies THBS2, CTNNB1, COL4A1, and E2F3 as key H. pylori-associated oncogenic drivers in STAD. Functional assays demonstrate that H. pylori enhance malignant phenotypes through COL4A1 and CTNNB1, while gene silencing reverses these effects. These findings highlight the hub genes and their regulatory miRNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in H. pylori-related gastric cancer.

This review aims to bridge this gap by synthesizing current knowledge on noninvasive diagnostics and emerging treatment strategies, identifying ongoing challenges in the field, and highlighting opportunities for personalized care. This provides clinicians with an up-to-date and practical resource for managing MASLD.