Published cases suggest that IN-TSCT may exhibit aggressive clinical behavior, including metastatic spread in a subset of patients; however, the total number of reported cases remains very limited, and the true metastatic risk and prognostic spectrum have not yet been clearly defined. This review synthesizes the available literature to provide a comprehensive clinicopathologic and molecular overview of this emerging tumor entity.
Intratesticular SBTs are rare Müllerian-type neoplasms that can closely mimic other more aggressive neoplasms. Recognition of their characteristic morphology and immunoprofile, together with emerging molecular insights, is helpful to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
In this cohort of 79 adult patients with NF1, 18F-FDG PET/CT proved as a valuable complementary imaging modality to conventional imaging by enabling the detection of incidental malignant or potentially malignant tumors. Our results highlight 18F-FDG PET/CT's beneficial impact on disease management by suggesting that the incorporation of 18F-FDG PET/CT into screening protocols could improve early detection of NF1-related cancers in asymptomatic adults, potentially offering early treatment options to improve clinical outcomes.
CLDN6-targeted therapies may not be effective for teratoma. In contrast, i12p was prevalent across all stages of GCT progression, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for identifying viable GCT.
Notably, mature TLSs are key for effective anti-tumor immunity, whereas immature TLSs may fail to generate an adequate response. Collectively, these findings highlight TLSs as prognostic biomarkers with prognostic value and therapeutic potential in GU malignancies.