Testicular Cancer

Though promising, miRNAs are limited by their inability to detect teratoma. ctDNA and CTCs are two other emerging biomarkers, though further studies are needed to clarify their role in managing patients with GCT.

ROC curve analysis confirmed that miR-126 upregulation is able to identify cancer patients among the infertile male population. In addition, in-depth bioinformatics analysis based on weighted gene co-expression networks showed that the identified miRNAs regulate cellular pathways involved in cancer.

However, few responses to PARPis in TGCTs have been detected in patients with BRCA1/2, ATM or CHEK2 mutations, reinforcing the idea that patients should be optimally selected for tailored treatments in the era of personalized medicine. Future preclinical and clinical research is needed to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance and to identify novel therapeutic strategies in resistant/refractory TGCTs patients.

Treatment for the PNET included vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide/etoposide mesna...The patient also underwent a tandem autologous stem cell transplant with carboplatin/etoposide conditioning and adjuvant etoposide and the subsequent PET/CT scan showed a response to the above treatment...The regimen for our patient yielded promising results. Our aim is to highlight a regimen that can be utilized for this rare aggressive neoplasm.

P=N/A, N=40, Completed, Karolinska Institutet | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Oct 2024

Single cell resolution spatial tissue analysis demonstrated that T-cells are the dominant tumor infiltrating immune cell type, with very few infiltrating macrophages observed in the tumor tissue, with CD8+ T-cells predominating. Further analysis showed that immune cells preferentially localize to or accumulate within stromal regions.

P=N/A, N=192, Recruiting, University Medical Center Groningen | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2026

P1, N=0, Withdrawn, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc. | N=197 --> 0 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn

Our findings suggest the involvement of the CacyBP/SIP protein in the ERK1/2 and p38 signalling pathways, which may be involved in the processes of testicular seminoma carcinogenesis. The results of our research provide the basis for further research in this area.

A predominantly solid testicular mass with a bright dot sign, thickened spermatic cord ipsilaterally, and elevated AFP levels should raise suspicion for YST.

This review also summarizes the health benefits of resveratrol on male reproduction in the context of PPPM/3PM by comprehensively collecting and reviewing the available evidence, thus leading to a working hypothesis that resveratrol can personalize prevention and protection of male reproductive function. It provides a new perspective and direction for future research on the health effects of resveratrol in improving male reproductive function.

Primary ACRT is a rare malignant tumour which poses a diagnostic challenge, and is associated with poor prognosis. Cases of ACRT with MET amplification might represent promising candidates for the treatment with MET inhibitors.

P2, N=300, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2025

P3, N=246, Completed, Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom | Unknown status --> Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2020 --> Sep 2024

P=N/A, N=30, Suspended, Mayo Clinic | Recruiting --> Suspended

The Brier score of the nomogram was 0.0002. A nomogram based on age, AFP levels, and ultrasound blood flow signals can effectively predict the probability of testicular yolk sac tumor preoperatively, aiding in clinical decision-making and patient counseling.

We also emphasize the importance of biomarker identification for personalized management, especially in metastatic settings where treatment intensification is often required. Future research is needed to further elucidate our understanding of the genetics affecting urologic cancers, which will help develop novel, individualized therapies to enhance oncologic outcomes.

In vivo experiments exhibited that AMH-4 was more effective than lartesertib and vorinostat in inhibiting the growth of NTERA-2 cL.D1 xenograft tumors with low toxicity. Overall, these results suggest that AMH-4 is an effective and low toxicity candidate for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors.

P=N/A, N=360, Not yet recruiting, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

MicroRNA-371a-3p is a promising, highly sensitive marker for TGCTs, offering better performance and cost efficiency than conventional STMs, likely to become the next-generation diagnostic tool for TGCTs.

It is concluded that PAX6 IHC is useful to identify a pancreatic origin in case of NEN metastases of unknown origin. The combination with GAD2 and PR further increase the diagnostic performance of PAX6 and results in a >98% specificity in case of positivity for at least 2 of these markers.

Postoperatively, he received adjuvant chemotherapy with 2 cycles of a cisplatin based regimen for clinical stage 1 disease...Conclusion Histogenetically, testicular germ cell tumours are thought to derive from the precursor germ cell neoplasia in situ while spermatocytic tumours directly derive from adult spermatogonia. This case is exceptional, firstly because of the very long interval of 27 years between the two neoplastic events, and secondly, because of the unprecedented occurrence of two testicular neoplasms with different pathogenetic origins in one individual patient.

blood miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs exhibit distinct regulatory patterns concerning giant panda testicular tumor, potentially reflecting divergent biological processes in the disease's etiology. Meanwhile, miR-331-3p could be used as a potential diagnostic marker for giant panda testicular tumor. Our findings are conducive to the rapid clinical diagnosis of testicular tumor in giant pandas, and are also expected to provide scientific reference for further research on the pathogenesis of testicular tumor.

LINC00470 may play a significant role in the etiology and metastasis of TGCT through EMT and AKT-mediated signaling pathways.

Our research indicates that SERPINB9 plays a key role in driving tumor progression by enhancing tumor stemness and suppressing TLS. This study stands as the first to elucidate the molecular signature of non-seminomas at a single-cell level, presenting a wealth of promising targets with substantial potential for informing the development of future therapeutic interventions.

Here, We report a case of paratesticular alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult patient who initially complained of increased scrotal volume for two years and presented with a PAX3-FOXO1 fusion. This emphasizes the dire prognosis of the disease, reinforcing the need for thorough and directed diagnostic efforts.

P3, N=142, Recruiting, Indiana University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Phase classification: PN/A --> P3

P2, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Fudan University

P=N/A, N=0, Not yet recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

P1, N=197, Not yet recruiting, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.

Additionally, pathway enrichment suggested that NUMB is involved in the Wnt pathway. This study highlights the predictive role of CTNNB1 across cancers, suggesting that CTNNB1 might serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various malignant tumors.

P=N/A, N=1275, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025

In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that targeting polycomb demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B with epidrug GSK-J4 can treat both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant TGCTs. Further, several chromatin modifier genes, including BRD4 , lysine demethylases, chromodomain helicase DNA binding proteins, and lysine methyltransferases, were repressed with cisplatin only in KDM6A/KDM6B-targeted cells, implying that KDM6A/KDM6B inhibition sets the stage for extensive chromatin remodeling of TGCT cells upon cisplatin treatment. Our findings demonstrate that targeting polycomb demethylases is a new potent pharmacologic strategy for treating cisplatin resistant TGCTs that warrants clinical development.

While GSK-J4 had minimal effects alone on TGCT tumor growth in vivo, it dramatically sensitized cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant TGCTs to cisplatin...Further, several chromatin modifier genes, including BRD4, lysine demethylases, chromodomain helicase DNA binding proteins, and lysine methyltransferases, were repressed with cisplatin only in KDM6A/KDM6B-targeted cells, implying that KDM6A/KDM6B inhibition sets the stage for extensive chromatin remodeling of TGCT cells upon cisplatin treatment. Our findings demonstrate that targeting polycomb demethylases is a new potent pharmacologic strategy for treating cisplatin resistant TGCTs that warrants clinical development.

The involvement of TILs in seminoma biology warrants further investigation, especially their role in the tumor micro-environment and pathogenesis. Chemokine and Ki-67 expression in TILs could serve as potential markers for assessing seminoma prognosis.

P=N/A, N=400, Recruiting, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> May 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> May 2027

Our findings highlight the interplay between UCP2, immune and hormonal pathways, and drug response and reveal potential opportunities for new therapeutic combinations, especially in gender-related cancers.

Despite surgery and chemotherapy, two patients died of disease 17 months after ETT diagnosis, and three patients were alive with metastatic disease at a mean of 20 months (range, 15-28 months). Our results demonstrate that ETT may be an aggressive disease associated with distinct pathologic features and poor clinical outcome.

Thus, our data indicate a possible function of TAF7 in the regulation of SSCs and spermatogenesis following downregulation by Busulfan. These findings may account for the therapeutic effects of Busulfan and underlie its potential impact on cancer chemotherapy prognosis.

To our knowledge, this is the first series of NC profiled broadly at the DNA and RNA level. We observed fewer intratumoral immune cells by RNA sequencing, which may be associated with anecdotal data of lack of immunotherapy benefit in NC. High MYC pathway activity in NC supports ongoing trials targeting MYC suppression. The incidence of NC among patients younger than 50 years with LUSC/HNSCC supports testing for NC in these patients. The prognosis of NCs remains dismal, and future studies should focus on improving the response to immunotherapy and targeting MYC.

Accordingly, in male patients with CNC, detection of a PRKAR1A gene mutation may serve as a predictive marker for infertility. This case report illustrates the importance of early consideration and management of infertility in male patients diagnosed with CNC.

Research is also currently being conducted on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfNA) in various areas of application. With regard to germ cell tumors of the testis, however, these analyses are still in their infancy, but it is hoped that this will provide a further sufficient opportunity to use serum tumor markers.