TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase)

The integrated multiparametric radiomics model combining DKI and DCE-MRI enables noninvasive preoperative prediction of TERT promoter mutation status in gliomas with high accuracy. The combined approach demonstrates superior predictive performance and clinical utility compared to single-modality imaging, providing valuable imaging biomarkers for molecular stratification and personalized treatment planning in glioma patients.

This review provides an in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity), current clinical applications and limitations of various biomarkers, placing a particular emphasis on comparing the differential expression of the same biomarker across different cancer types. By building on this foundation, this review further outlines future development pathways, including multibiomarker combination strategies, AI-assisted analysis and standardised testing protocols, to offer comprehensive references for the early, noninvasive and precise diagnosis of urological tumours.

The dUM significantly outperformed its qPCR predecessor and cytology in sensitivity for detecting NMIBC recurrence in a real-world setting, without compromising specificity. Its high NPV supports its potential for reducing unnecessary cystoscopies. Furthermore, its combination with cystoscopy drastically increased the PPV, suggesting a role as an adjunctive tool to improve diagnostic confidence and potentially reduce unnecessary transurethral resections of bladder tumour, pending favourable cost-effectiveness.

68Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD PET/CT is feasible for radioactive-iodine-negative DTC, providing complementary diagnostic information to 18F-FDG with enhanced detection of bone and brain metastases. The intense uptake observed in lesions with TERT-associated aggressive subtypes supports potential utility for specific disease identification.

For condylomas with concurrent HSIL, 43% recurred and 9% progressed to SCC. Condylomas with concurrent SCC were associated with mutations in ASXL1, TERT and CDKN2A/CDKN2B while warty SCC was associated with mutations in PIK3CA, KMT2C and FAT1.

PRS was used to optimize GACC-metformin-regorafenib combinations...In zebrafish xenografts, GACC (50 µM) reduced Hep3B tumor fluorescence by ~90% without detectable hepatotoxicity, whereas sorafenib decreased liver size/fluorescence...PRS identified an off-grid triple combination that reduced PLC/PRF/5 viability to 19% while maintaining THLE-2 viability at 52% and preserving zebrafish development. GACC is a G4-active cobalt-glutamate scaffold with anti-HCC activity and favorable zebrafish safety, and a zebrafish-plus-PRS workflow enables rational, less toxic combination design.

The exosome levels in smoke were significantly lower than that in controls. Based on these findings, we concluded that the surgical smoke produced during RARC does not contain cancer cells, genes, or exosomes.

After a median follow-up of 33.5 months, 36% of patients developed distant metastases, and 2 patients died of disease 8 and 32 months, respectively, after initial diagnosis. These findings expand the molecular diversity of DPN-like melanomas and provide valuable insights into their clinical outcomes.

A 7-T susceptibility-weighted MRI-based intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) grading system enables precise detection of glioma microbleeds and neovascularization. 7-T susceptibility-weighted MRI-derived ITSS grade noninvasively predicts histologic grade, Ki-67 labeling index, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation status in gliomas. Path analysis suggested that molecular markers relate to ITSS grade through distinct pathways, with Ki-67 and TERT exerting direct effects and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 influencing ITSS grade indirectly.

The present study supports an indirect carcinogenic pathway for low-risk HPV-associated cervical squamous cell carcinoma, in which persistent viral-induced epithelial proliferation may facilitate the accumulation of oncogenic host mutations. Recognition of this rare entity expands the pathological spectrum of HPV-associated cervical cancer and underscores the importance of integrating morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing for accurate diagnosis and risk assessment.Awareness of this rare entity may help avoid underdiagnosis of malignant transformation in exophytic cervical lesions associated with low-risk HPV infection.

The tumor was negative for a CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion and a TERT promoter mutation. Post-surgery, the patient showed immediate improvement in symptoms and was asymptomatic at the time of discharge and follow-up.

mGBM with MRI enhancement may represent undersampled or early/evolving hGBM. mGBM that are non-enhancing, present with seizures, prolonged time to diagnosis, absent CDKN2A/B alteration or +7/-10 may represent other IDH-wildtype entities.