SOX10 (SRY-Box 10)

The patient required no additional therapy and remains under close follow-up. This case highlights an exceptionally rare presentation of pulmonary myoepithelioma with bilateral pleural involvement - a pattern that can closely mimic metastatic disease - emphasizing the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment in differentiating benign myoepithelial tumors from metastatic or aggressive pleural lesions.

These findings demonstrate that diffuse S100 positivity in bladder paraganglioma is relatively common and represents a significant diagnostic pitfall. Importantly, S100-positive tumors appear to be associated with intact SDHB expression and a potentially less aggressive phenotype, whereas SDHB loss identifies a higher-risk subset with increased metastatic potential.

This article examines cutaneous neoplasms with NUTM1 gene fusions, focusing on poroma, porocarcinoma, and primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma. Diagnostic challenges include differentiating primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma from extracutaneous NUT carcinoma and porocarcinoma, for which immunohistochemistry (NUT, SOX10, YAP1) and molecular testing are essential.

Due to diagnostic ambiguity, surgical resection is often mandated.We present a case of a female patient in her sixth decade of life presenting with symptoms pointing towards a malignant pancreatic head tumour. She underwent formal pancreatoduodenectomy, which on histopathological examination was diagnosed as a schwannoma.

This case report presents a highly unusual case of a primary high-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of esophagus, a neoplasm of extreme rarity, with fewer than twenty histologically confirmed cases reported worldwide to date; detailing the successful management of this tumor through Orringer's transhiatal esophagectomy, complemented by comprehensive histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Our report emphasizes the crucial the role of immunohistochemistry, specifically the diagnostic value of S100, SOX10, and the exclusion of gastrointestinal stromal tumors markers (DOG1, CD117) in distinguishing MPNST, from morphologically similar esophageal submucosal tumors.

Compound heterozygosity for MC1R high-risk alleles may explain the extensive nevus burden and support intensified surveillance. Personalized follow-up strategies guided by advanced imaging and genomics can improve early detection and prevention of melanoma.

Finally, we find that mutants in collagen 18a1 (col18a1), a putative Lh3 substrate, display RGC axonal misguidance phenotypes similar to lh3 mutants, suggesting that lh3 may act through col18a1 during regeneration. Combined, these data identify lh3 as part of a glial derived molecular pathway critical for guiding in vivo regenerating RGC axons toward and across the optic chiasm.

Using a panel of BRAFV600E positive YUMM lines, we find that, following chronic vemurafenib treatment, SOX10 is lost whereas SOX9 is induced...Overall, our data show that the loss of SOX10 and SOX9 induction are critical to program drug resistance. Furthermore, we show that the YUMM cell lines represent a good murine model to investigate transitions to an acquired drug resistant state.

Next-generation sequencing revealed MET gene fusions and other gene mutations in the tumor cells. The rare MET gene fusions have not been reported in either IDC or SDC, which may enhance our understanding of the genetic alterations in a subset of SDCs that derive from IDC.

Cells had multifocal immunolabeling for NeuN, melan A, and PNL2. Collectively, these histopathologic characteristics support a diagnosis of congenital nerve sheath tumor, which is rarely described in dogs.

This study suggests that pan-TRK immunostaining may be useful for confirming neural differentiation in MPNST. However, whether its positivity reflects NTRK rearrangements or neural differentiation must be carefully assessed in combination with various immunohistochemical and molecular tests.

A targeted literature review confirmed the rarity of halos around dermatofibromas, which are typically eczematous. Our case expands the clinicopathologic spectrum to include a hypopigmented, non-eczematous Meyerson-like ("forme-fruste") halo variant and supports a dermoscopy-first approach to avoid over-triage to melanoma and help streamline care.