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    CANCER:

    Small Intestinal Carcinoma

    5d
    Appendiceal neurofibroma after resection of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the small intestine in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report. (PubMed, Surg Case Rep)
    Patients with NF1 can develop a variety of gastrointestinal lesions. Appendiceal neurofibroma can be difficult to diagnose preoperatively and differentiate from malignancy. Hence, surgical resection should be considered.
    Journal • Stroma
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    KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1)
    |
    KIT positive
    12d
    A prospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical study on the efficacy and safety of first-line treatment with Slulimumab combined with Bevacizumab and chemotherapy for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma. (ChiCTR2400088997)
    P=N/A, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    New trial
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab)
    14d
    Fecal Microbiota Transplant and Re-introduction of Anti-PD-1 Therapy (Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab) for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Anti-PD-1 Non-responders (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=15, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    MSI (Microsatellite instability) • MLH1 (MutL homolog 1) • MSH6 (MutS homolog 6) • MSH2 (MutS Homolog 2) • CEACAM5 (CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 5)
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    MSI-H/dMMR
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    Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • Opdivo (nivolumab)
    22d
    Virtual Reality for GI Cancer Pain to Improve Patient Reported Outcomes (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P=N/A, N=360, Recruiting, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Jan 2026
    Trial primary completion date • Patient reported outcomes
    25d
    Oral Cryotherapy Plus Acupressure and Acupuncture Versus Oral Cryotherapy for Decreasing Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy From Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=77, Completed, University of Washington | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Mar 2024
    Trial completion • Trial completion date
    |
    oxaliplatin
    29d
    Carcinoid heart disease in patients with advanced small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome: a retrospective experience from two European referral centers. (PubMed, ESMO Open)
    In our study population of SI-NET patients with CS, more than half had a refractory carcinoid syndrome (RCS) and one-quarter developed a CHD, with a negative impact on OS. Therefore, it is recommended to screen and monitor patients with CS for CHD, ideally with a combination of u5-HIAA, NT-proBNP values, and echocardiography at CS baseline, preferably in NET referral centers.
    Retrospective data • Journal • Metastases
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    NPPB (Natriuretic Peptide B)
    1m
    Adenocarcinoma in the Jejunum Presenting as Acute Abdomen and Melena in an Otherwise Healthy Patient: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus)
    Histopathological analysis confirmed jejunal adenocarcinoma with positive CDX2 staining, ruling out other adenocarcinoma subtypes. This case underscores the importance of including jejunal adenocarcinoma in differential diagnoses of acute abdomen and highlights the critical role of early surgical intervention in improving patient outcomes.
    Journal
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    CDX2 (Caudal Type Homeobox 2)
    1m
    New Technique of Pancreaticojejunostomy During Whipple Operation (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P4, N=48, Completed, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute
    New P4 trial
    1m
    EARN: Enhanced Assistance During Radiotherapy for Unmet Essential Needs (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P=N/A, N=33, Recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
    Enrollment open
    2ms
    Small Intestine Metastasis Leads to the Diagnosis of Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus)
    It demonstrates the potential efficacy of combining systemic therapy with targeted interventions for oligoprogressive disease. The patient's progression-free survival at approximately two years post-diagnosis underscores the need for further research into optimal management strategies for this rare tumor.
    Journal • IO biomarker
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    SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4)
    2ms
    Periampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with neurofibromatosis-1: A case report. (PubMed, World J Clin Oncol)
    This article reported a case of periampullary duodenal NET in a patient with NF1, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted.
    Journal
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    NF1 (Neurofibromin 1)
    2ms
    Tertiary lymphoid structures' pattern and prognostic value in primary adenocarcinoma of jejunum and ileum. (PubMed, World J Surg Oncol)
    In conclusion, the majority of TLS were located at the invasive margin and tumor periphery, predominantly consisting of mature TLS, while IT-TLS were mainly immature. Notably, TMB was closely associated with MSI and PD-L1, indicating potential predictive value for immunotherapy in primary adenocarcinoma of jejunum and ileum.
    Journal • Retrospective data • Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • MSi-H Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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    TMB-H • MSI-H/dMMR
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    PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx
    2ms
    Unveiling Unique EWS: CREB1 Gene Fusion in a Jejunal Tumor. (PubMed, Indian J Surg Oncol)
    No abstract available
    Journal
    |
    CREB1 (CAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 1)
    2ms
    Risk of Gastric and Small Intestinal Cancer in Patients With Lynch Syndrome: Data From a Large, Community-Based US Population. (PubMed, Clin Transl Gastroenterol)
    Patients with LS, particularly MSH2 and MLH1 pathogenic variant carriers, had significantly increased lifetime risk of gastric and small intestinal cancer. Testing and treatment of H. pylori infection should be considered for all patients with LS.
    Retrospective data • Journal
    |
    MLH1 (MutL homolog 1) • MSH6 (MutS homolog 6) • MSH2 (MutS Homolog 2) • PMS2 (PMS1 protein homolog 2)
    2ms
    Phase II Trial of Combination Immunotherapy in Subjects With Advanced Small Bowel and Colorectal Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=32, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Aug 2024
    Trial completion • Trial completion date • Metastases
    |
    CEACAM5 (CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 5) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
    |
    bintrafusp alfa (M7824) • Anktiva (nogapendekin alfa inbakicept-pmln) • PDS01ADC • Panvac-VF (falimarev/inalimarev)
    2ms
    Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ileum With Markedly Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Levels: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus)
    Initial chemotherapy with irinotecan, cisplatin (IP), and octreotide acetate proved ineffective...Switching to everolimus as second-line therapy temporarily decreased CEA levels and tumor size, but the disease progressed with cervical lymph node involvement...Necropsy of the cervical lymph nodes was consistent with the original surgical findings. This case highlights the aggressive nature and challenging management of NEC with significantly elevated CEA levels.
    Journal
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    CEACAM5 (CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 5) • SYP (Synaptophysin)
    |
    cisplatin • everolimus • irinotecan
    3ms
    EARN: Enhanced Assistance During Radiotherapy for Unmet Essential Needs (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P=N/A, N=33, Not yet recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine
    New trial
    3ms
    Duodenal adenocarcinoma at stage IV: A critical look at diagnostic pathways and treatment modalities. (PubMed, Radiol Case Rep)
    Molecular profiling was crucial in guiding treatment decisions, although MSI, HER2, and PD-1 were negative, and the tumor showed no mismatch repair protein deficiency. This article emphasizes the importance of early integration of palliative care and the value of comprehensive pathological analysis in managing advanced duodenal adenocarcinoma, providing insights into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this complex case.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Metastases
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1)
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    5-fluorouracil • leucovorin calcium
    3ms
    Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapies in Gastrointestinal Malignancies. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
    Despite the landmark ToGA trial, progress in HER2-positive gastrointestinal malignancies has been hampered by drug resistance. This review examines current HER2 expression patterns and therapies for gastroesophageal, colorectal, biliary tract, and small bowel cancers, while dissecting potential resistance mechanisms that limit treatment effectiveness.
    Review • Journal
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    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
    3ms
    Medullary carcinomas of the nonampullary small intestine: association with coeliac disease, mismatch repair deficiency, PD-L1 expression, and favourable prognosis. (PubMed, Histopathology)
    SB-MCs represent a distinct histologic subtype, with peculiar features compared to NM-SBAs, including association with coeliac disease, dMMR, PD-L1 expression, and better prognosis.
    Journal • Mismatch repair • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) • SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily B, Member 1) • CDX2 (Caudal Type Homeobox 2) • KRT20 (Keratin 20) • SMARCA2 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily A, Member 2) • SYP (Synaptophysin)
    3ms
    ZEBRA: Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma That is Metastatic or Locally Advanced and Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=41, Active, not recruiting, Academic and Community Cancer Research United | Trial completion date: Mar 2024 --> Dec 2024
    Trial completion date • Tumor mutational burden • Surgery • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
    3ms
    Jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with profound anemia. (PubMed, J Surg Case Rep)
    Pathological examination of the excised GIST revealed positive immunoreactivity for cKIT, DOG1, and CD37. This case highlights the importance of considering GIST as a differential diagnosis for chronic anemia and emphasizes the critical role of CT imaging in its detection and management.
    Journal • Stroma
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    ANO1 (Anoctamin 1)
    3ms
    Variability in morphology and immunohistochemistry of Crohn's disease-associated small bowel neoplasms: implications of Claudin 18 and Cadherin 17 expression for tumor-targeted immunotherapies. (PubMed, Virchows Arch)
    In CD-associated small bowel adenocarcinomas, Cadherin 17 expression was frequently retained and Claudin 18 was frequently co-expressed. Claudin 18 had a positive correlation with the expression of gastric mucins. These results suggest that CD-associated small bowel adenocarcinomas may be candidates for Cadherin 17- and Claudin 18-targeted immunotherapies.
    Journal • IO biomarker
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    CLDN18 (Claudin 18) • CDH2 (Cadherin 2) • CDH17 (Cadherin 17) • MUC5AC (Mucin 5AC) • MUC6 (Mucin 6)
    |
    Vyloy (zolbetuximab-clzb)
    3ms
    Jejunal adenocarcinoma: A rare cause of iron deficiency anemia (ACG 2024)
    In our patient, prompt evaluation of the small bowel after an initial negative endoscopy led to a diagnosis of SBA at an earlier stage, amenable to surgical therapy with curative intent. Figure: Jejunal mass on balloon enteroscopy.
    Cologuard®
    3ms
    Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Patient With Cystic Fibrosis Status-Post Lung Transplant (ACG 2024)
    Our patient did have a positive FIT and Cologuard tests prior to colonoscopy. Effort should be made to intubate the terminal ileum, and EGD should be considered given increased rates of small bowel cancer in CF patients.
    Clinical
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    Cologuard®
    3ms
    JAB-21822 in Combination With Cetuximab in Patients With Advanced CRC and Other Solid Tumors With KRAS G12C Mutation (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1/2, N=48, Active, not recruiting, Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024
    Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    Erbitux (cetuximab) • glecirasib (JAB-21822)
    3ms
    A Rare Case of Small Intestinal Cancer With Uterine Metastasis After Surgery for Ovarian Metastasis, Diagnosed Using Immunostaining. (PubMed, Case Rep Oncol Med)
    Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the uterine tumor revealed that it was a metastasis of small intestinal cancer (Cytokeratin 7 [CK7] [-], Cytokeratin 20 [CK20] [+], Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 [SATB2] [+], Paired Box Gene 2 [PAX2] [-], and estrogen receptor [ER] [-]). In patients with cancer, histopathology and immunohistochemistry are important for distinguishing between primary and metastatic tumors and for guiding the choice of treatment.
    Journal • Surgery
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    ER (Estrogen receptor) • KRT20 (Keratin 20) • PAX2 (Paired Box 2)
    3ms
    Data Collection of PillCamTM SB3 Capsule Endoscopy and Device-Assisted Enteroscopy Routine Care Procedures (GPS Study) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P=N/A, N=0, Withdrawn, Medtronic - MITG | N=460 --> 0 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn
    Enrollment change • Trial withdrawal
    3ms
    Duodenal Fluid Analysis as a Rewarding Approach to Detect Low-Abundance Mutations in Biliopancreatic Cancers. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
    Notably, the 11 tier-I-III variants were exclusively found in DF-derived cfDNA from five patients with biliopancreatic cancers, and were detected in seven genes (KRAS, TP53, BRAF, CDKN2A, RNF43, GNAS, and PIK3CA); 82% of the tier-I-III variants had a low abundance, with a VAF < 6%. The mutational profiling of DF seems to be a reliable and promising tool for identifying cancer-associated alterations in malignant cancers of the biliopancreatic tract.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • RNF43 (Ring Finger Protein 43) • GNAS (GNAS Complex Locus)
    4ms
    A small bowel adenocarcinoma harboring a DDR2 mutation in a celiac patient. (PubMed, Clin J Gastroenterol)
    This is the first described case of SBA with DDR2 mutation. Considering the limited therapeutic options beyond surgery for SBA, molecular analyses could become promising for the search for potential targetable alterations for treatments with new available drugs.
    Journal
    |
    TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • DDR2 (Discoidin domain receptor 2)
    4ms
    Genomic Profiling of Small Intestine Cancers From a Real-World Data Set Identifies Subgroups With Actionable Alterations. (PubMed, JCO Precis Oncol)
    RWD from clinical panel testing revealed the genomic landscape in small intestine cancer by subgroup. These findings provide insights for the future development of treatments in advanced small intestine cancer.
    Journal • Real-world evidence • Tumor mutational burden • BRCA Biomarker • MSi-H Biomarker • Real-world
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1, early onset) • BRCA2 (Breast cancer 2, early onset) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • NTRK3 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3) • NTRK2 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • APC (APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway) • GATA6 (GATA Binding Protein 6)
    4ms
    Pan-MSI-ACSE: Dostarlimab for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancer (Non-colorectal/Non-endometrial) With Tumor dMMR/MSI (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=120, Recruiting, UNICANCER | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
    Enrollment open • Metastases
    |
    cisplatin • carboplatin • 5-fluorouracil • doxorubicin hydrochloride • capecitabine • albumin-bound paclitaxel • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • Jemperli (dostarlimab-gxly)
    4ms
    Endoscopic indicators in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis undergoing duodenal resections - a nationwide Danish cohort study with long-term follow-up. (PubMed, Fam Cancer)
    The prevalence of duodenal adenomas and cancer in FAP warrants vigilant endoscopic surveillance. Nevertheless, the need for duodenal surgery persists and should together with endoscopic practice be monitored in national registers.
    Journal
    |
    APC (APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway)
    4ms
    Combination of Radiation Therapy, Wim's Tumor 1 (WT1) Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapy, and α-Galactosylceramide-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapy for End-Stage Small Bowel Cancer. (PubMed, Cureus)
    The combination therapy of radiotherapy and dendritic cell vaccine therapy may suppress cancer progression and prolong survival, even in patients with chemotherapy-refractory terminal cancer. In particular, double dendritic cell vaccine therapy with WT1 and α-galactosylceramide-pulsed dendritic cell may provide an anti-tumor immune effect that is superior to that of the respective monotherapy.
    Journal
    |
    WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor)
    4ms
    Pancreatic and Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Metastatic Disease or a Novel MEN Syndrome? (PubMed, Am J Surg Pathol)
    Our series indicates the rare occurrence of NETs in both the pancreas and ileum and emphasizes the importance of using the correct biomarkers to distinguish metastasis from primary neoplasms at the different sites. The rare occurrence of primary ileal and pancreatic NETs may represent a novel MEN syndrome with as yet unknown germline predisposition.
    Journal • Metastases
    |
    CDX2 (Caudal Type Homeobox 2)
    4ms
    A Phase I/II Study of Combination Immunotherapy for Advanced Cancers Including HPV-Associated Malignancies, Small Bowel, and Colon Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1/2, N=107, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Dec 2025
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
    |
    Jingzhuda (entinostat) • bintrafusp alfa (M7824) • PDS01ADC
    4ms
    The Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam Tosilate Compared With Propofol for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Under Monitored Anesthesia Care: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (ChiCTR2100044502)
    P4, N=102, Completed, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical | Recruiting --> Completed
    Trial completion
    4ms
    SWOG S1609: Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Rare Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2033 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2033 --> May 2026
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
    |
    CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
    |
    Opdivo (nivolumab) • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • ABP 206 (nivolumab biosimilar)
    4ms
    SWOG S1609: Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Rare Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> May 2033 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2033
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
    |
    CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
    |
    Opdivo (nivolumab) • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • ABP 206 (nivolumab biosimilar)
    5ms
    High Volume Washing of the Abdomen in Increasing Survival After Surgery in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer That Can Be Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P=N/A, N=845, Recruiting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Apr 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 --> Apr 2026
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Surgery
    5ms
    Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Postoperative Course Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=56, Terminated, Washington University School of Medicine | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Investigator and study team chose to end study early.
    Trial termination
    5ms
    A Giant Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pancreas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. (PubMed, Cureus)
    Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and requires comprehensive evidence including clinical, immunohistochemistry, and histological features. Since there are currently no recognized best practices, we advise total surgical excision and careful clinical monitoring.
    Review • Journal
    |
    CD34 (CD34 molecule) • STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6)