SMAD2 (SMAD Family Member 2)

Silencing lnc-APUE blocked TGFβ1-driven migration and invasion, identifying lnc-APUE as a downstream target and critical mediator of TGFβ1 signaling. Collectively, we define a new TGFβ1/SMAD/lnc-APUE/E-cadherin axis: TGFβ1 activates lnc-APUE to promote cancer metastasis through Alu element-driven STAU1-mediated CDH1 mRNA decay and subsequent E-cadherin downregulation.

The anti-hyperproliferation and the anti-inflammatory effects of DHM were attributed to the attenuation of the expression of PCNA, procaspase-3, iNOS, TLR-4, and IL-1β in both the prostate and seminal vesicle tissues. DHM has potential protective effects against testosterone-induced BPH model via downregulation of inflammatory mediators, restoration of oxidative balance, and induction of cell apoptosis.

Moreover, SOX4 overexpression enhanced ATP production and the levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexs while reducing ROS and mtROS levels in CD4+T cells, with no significant change in mitochondrial mass. Conclusion We demonstrate that SOX4 induces a plastic Treg-like state in CD4+T cells, modulates the expression of key molecules associated with Treg suppressive function, and enhances their oxidative phosphorylation.

RNA-Seq analysis combined with immunoblotting showed that GLS knockdown reduced the TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, p-p38MAPK, p-ERK1/2, and p-MEK1/2 proteins, increased ROS and glutamine levels in both KYSE30 and KYSE150 cells. Overall, our study showed that GLS promoted the malignant progression via the TGF-β signaling pathway, suggesting that GLS can be a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for ESCC.

Furthermore, transduction of SKImut2/3 in preclinical models of both T cell receptor (TCR) and CAR-T cell therapies prolonged survival in mice bearing xenografted liquid or solid tumors. Collectively, these findings establish SKImut2/3 expression as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance both the durability and effector function of T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.

Results indicate that NAR and OLE exhibit antitumor effects through multiple mechanisms by increasing miR-155-5p expression and inhibiting critical oncogenic targets in prostate cancer. Findings suggest that the dietary intake of these natural compounds (citrus and olive products) should be considered in prostate cancer prevention strategies, shedding light on the epigenetic mechanisms of polyphenols in cancer treatment and contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies.

These results demonstrate that tgfb2b plays a significant role in ovarian differentiation and development. Further functional and molecular studies on the interplay between tgfb2b and the foxl2-cyp19a-esr axis will help elucidate the regulatory network underlying sex development in teleost.

Additionally, we showed that administration of metformin prevented the arecoline-induced myofibroblast activation. Most importantly, our results suggest that metformin may exert suppressive effects on myofibroblast activities by inhibiting ROS accumulation through the downregulation of MALAT1. These findings indicate that metformin may serve as a preventive agent against OSF progression.

Additionally, compound 3282-0486 exhibited selectivity for TGFβR1. Overall, these findings support compound 3282-0486 as a promising TGFβR1 inhibitor with therapeutic potential.

In the context of cancer biology, VIM-AS1 did not affect the antiproliferative actions of TGF-β, yet had an impact on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene program, and increased the invasion and motility of tumor cells, whereas its silencing sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular mechanism highlights how a lncRNA can modulate the nuclear pore's capacity to import SMAD complexes, by facilitating their capture by Nup358/RanBP2 and thereby enhancing nuclear accumulation of SMADs with distinct isoform composition, thus promoting selectively TGF-β signaling responses.

The proposed classification method effectively identified early-stage and tumor-marker-negative GCs, underscoring its clinical translation potential. Oral microbial markers, including Ralstonia, Megasphaera, and Lautropia, may serve as non-invasive diagnostic markers for GC and may be related to carcinogenic signaling activity.

The congruence between bioinformatics and experimental validation findings strongly highlighted API as a promising therapeutic candidate for alleviating METX cardiotoxicity. While the current data reveals key underlying molecular mechanisms for API's cardioprotective effect, further comprehensive studies across diverse cardiotoxicity models are essential to fully elucidate cardioprotective effect of API.