SIGLEC15 (Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 15)

This study establishes PHF19 as a potential prognostic indicator and immunotherapy target in PCPG, highlighting its immunomodulatory potential and the need to validate its therapeutic value functionally. Subsequent studies should focus on corroborating these results in broader cohorts and on probing the therapeutic prospects of targeting PHF19 in PCPG.

This study establishes ZPLD1 as a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target in BLCA, paving the way for precision oncology strategies integrating ZPLD1-guided patient selection and immune-drug combinations.

Preclinical models have demonstrated that co-culturing anti-Siglec-15 CAR T cells with U937 or Molm13 cells triggers specific anti-leukemic activity in vitro, and administering these CAR T cells has also led to remission in a U937 xenograft model with B-NSG mice. In conclusion, we have developed a novel therapeutic approach for AML utilizing anti-Siglec-15 CAR T cells that effectively target leukemic cells while preserving normal hematopoiesis.

AhR inhibition by CH-223191 or StemRegenin 1 (SR1) achieved therapeutic efficacy against orthotopic SHH-MB xenografts in mice. These findings reveal an essential role for the AhR-siglec-15 axis in SHH-MB development, providing a potential strategy for SHH-MB treatment.

Finally, a prognostic model based on YY2 and its associated glycolysis genes revealed a strong inverse correlation between higher risk scores and lower survival rates in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). YY2 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and an innovative therapeutic target for patients with ESCA, regulating cell proliferation, migration, immune microenvironment, and glycolysis.

In addition, P3H1 shows strong associations with immune infiltration and checkpoint pathways, suggesting a role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings support P3H1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC.

The expression level of SIGLEC15 can serve as a biomarker to assess the malignancy of breast cancer and the degree of immune infiltration. Monitoring SIGLEC15 expression levels can facilitate more informed and personalized clinical decision-making for the treatment of breast cancer patients.

Our findings emphasize the importance of combining assessment of Siglec15 and PD-L1 expression in patient stratification and treatment decision-making for OC, particularly regarding immunotherapy.

Moreover, stratification based on combined SIGLEC-15 and PD-L1 CPS expression revealed that patients co-expressing high levels of both markers experienced the poorest survival outcomes. These findings suggest that the dual assessment of SIGLEC-15 and PD-L1 may enhance prognostic accuracy and support immunotherapeutic decision-making in gastric cancer.

Elevated AARS1 expression correlates with poor prognosis, malignant behaviors, and immune infiltration in HNSCC, indicating that AARS1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target.

The QDs-ICA exhibited a specificity of 96.7 % and a sensitivity of 96 %. The QDs-ICA for detecting SIGLEC15 is of great significance for the non-invasive screening of patients in clinical trials and the accurate evaluation of the therapeutic effect of this target in cervical cancer.

This review delineates the molecular architecture of Siglec-15 and elucidates its pleiotropic regulatory mechanisms. Particular emphasis is placed on deciphering its immunomodulatory functions within tumor ecosystems, while critically evaluating emerging therapeutic modalities targeting Siglec-15, spanning from preclinical validation to ongoing clinical trials.