Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Relative Efficacy for Patients Who Are Lenalidomide-Refractory (ASH 2023)
Background: Continuous lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone (Rd), with bortezomib and dexamethasone (VRd) or, more recently, with daratumumab and dexamethasone (DRd) is the standard first-line (1L) therapy for transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts)...Selinexor is a first-in-class, oral, XPO1 inhibitor indicated for use in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone (SVd) in adults with relapsed and refractory (RR) MM who have received at least one prior line...Anti-CD38-based regimens approved in 2L+ RR MM, ie, daratumumab + Vd (DVd), daratumumab + carfilzomib + dexamethasone (DKd), and isatuximab + Kd (IKd) report the lowest PFS HRs vs Vd for LEN-refractory pts... This is the first two-step approach NMA linking the disconnected networks of treatments available for LEN-refractory pts using efficacy results for this subgroup from their respective RCTs. Excluding anti-CD38-based regimens, which are unlikely to be used in a 2L+ setting with DRd increasingly prescribed in 1L, SVd is the most efficacious treatment option for LEN-refractory pts among commonly used combinations such as PVd, Kd, and pomalidomide-based regimens, with a reduction of 48% in the risk of progression vs Vd. Moreover, among the regimens included in the OS network, SVd had the largest OS improvement vs Vd.