Rectal Cancer

The feature-based fusion model DLRexpand10_FB can be employed to predict KRAS gene mutations based on pretreatment endorectal ultrasound images of rectal cancer. The integration of peritumoral regions enhanced the predictive performance of both the radiomics and deep learning models.

A multimodal approach to this patient's management appeared to contribute to his long-term survival of nearly 10 years from the initial diagnosis. Multidisciplinary management, including the use of additional biomarkers, may enhance survival rates in other similar cases with advanced disease resistant to differing therapies, and with potentially poor prognosis.

P1/2, N=85, Recruiting, Minia University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Triplet induction chemotherapy is a treatment of choice in selected patients with SMRC, allowing to adapt the therapeutic strategy to the response and invasiveness of the various sites.

The proposed approach can be applicable to other diseases as well. Codes and additional data are available at https://github.com/Xueling21/rectalNRT_deconv.

Thus, NCRT does not seem to induce a relevant number of new driver mutations or mutational burden. Genetic profiling implies the potential to support tumor-informed approaches and outcome estimation in future.

P=N/A, N=2, Terminated, Centre Oscar Lambret | Trial completion date: Sep 2026 --> Oct 2024 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Oct 2024; Lack of eligible patients

P=N/A, N=65, Completed, Centre Oscar Lambret | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P=N/A, N=30, Active, not recruiting, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna

P=N/A, N=80, Not yet recruiting, University Hospital of Cologne

P1/2, N=325, Completed, Bristol-Myers Squibb | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Akamis Bio | Initiation date: Nov 2024 --> Feb 2025

P1/2, N=85, Not yet recruiting, Minia University

Drainage bile acid has a high negative predictive value in the early diagnosis of anastomotic leakage and showed potential to allow for safe discharge.

P=N/A, N=20, Recruiting, Sykehuset Telemark

P2, N=50, Recruiting, Zhejiang University | Trial completion date: Feb 2025 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2024 --> Dec 2025

The micro-enema significantly increased the submucosal width in the tumor-bearing wall, reader confidence, and tumor conspicuity and improved interreader agreement from moderate to good. Sensitivity and specificity in T-staging did not improve, but there was a significant increase in the proportion of tumors staged with both high confidence and correct T-stage.

P=N/A, N=14, Terminated, Seoul National University Hospital | N=346 --> 14 | Trial completion date: Dec 2031 --> Aug 2024 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2031 --> Aug 2024; the high proportion of patients requiring TME(control group) suggests that proceeding with a randomized prospective clinical trial may not be feasible.

P=N/A, N=320, Recruiting, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University

P=N/A, N=342, Completed, Seoul National University Hospital | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

The nomogram incorporating pre- and post-therapy radscores and clinical factors could predict DFS in patients with LARC, which helps clinicians in optimizing decision-making and surveillance in real-world settings.

P2, N=73, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025

P=N/A, N=1000, Active, not recruiting, Taichung Veterans General Hospital

In conclusion, anastomotic leakage, with its accompanying CRP increase, was not found to be associated with recurrence-free survival after anterior resection for rectal cancer in this patient cohort. Larger, even more detailed studies are needed to further investigate this topic.

P=N/A, N=144, Recruiting, University Hospital, Limoges | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Our study supports the hypothesis that metachronous RC can occur in a cancerization field in patients with weak systemic and local immune systems. The peculiar site of RC makes the mismatch-repair genes deficiency in metachronous cancer onset less relevant.

P=N/A, N=66, Recruiting, Jewish General Hospital | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025

P=N/A, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Seoul National University Hospital

P=N/A, N=160, Completed, Jewish General Hospital | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2023 --> Jan 2024

This assay uses a Luminex xMAP platform to detect DNA damage response (DDR) signaling proteins in peripheral blood monocytes of pre-treatment patients. This assay, detecting the DDR proteins, effectively segregates responders from non-responders (p ≤ 1e-5), supporting optimization of treatment efficacy and reduction of unnecessary toxicity, thus advancing personalized medicine in oncology.

When ctDNA status is used alongside the NAR score in the post-NAT setting, patients who were ctDNA-positive with an intermediate or high NAR score showed significantly worse DFS (HR: 47.5, p < 0.001) compared to ctDNA-negative patients with either a low or intermediate/high NAR score (HR: 9.8, p = 0.0301). Post-NAT ctDNA status, whether used alone or in combination with the NAR score, may predict NAT response, and improve risk stratification.

Among patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy, responders had low pre- and post-treatment pan-immune-inflammation values. The pan-immune-inflammation value is a reliable marker associated with distinct immune microenvironment characteristics and can effectively predict disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and response to immunotherapy.

Regularly monitoring CRP, particularly between days 4 and 7 following surgery for rectal cancer, can promptly identify any complications. Monitoring CRP levels and promptly managing any abnormalities can enhance surgical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

P=N/A, N=216, Recruiting, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 --> Apr 2027

CXCL11 expression may serve as an early predictor of clinical outcomes and aid in therapeutic decision-making by identifying individuals likely to respond to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.

The radiomics signature notably enhanced the prediction of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients with negative pretreatment CEA, assisting clinicians in making personalized follow-up plans.

P=N/A, N=192, Completed, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Nov 2024

P1, N=15, Active, not recruiting, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P=N/A, N=64, Recruiting, Mersin University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P=N/A, N=120, Active, not recruiting, Massachusetts General Hospital | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2026 --> Oct 2024

P=N/A, N=60, Completed, The First Hospital of Jilin University | Not yet recruiting --> Completed | N=30 --> 60 | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> May 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2023 --> May 2024

Our study showed that the association between the high proportion of epithelial cells acting as presenting cells and deep or lateral tumor spread may be explained by the presence of a greater tumor load at the site. Moreover, it showed that weak activation of CD8+ T cells within the rectal mucosa is associated with lateral tumor spread and eventually a higher recurrence rate. The mucosal level of CD8β infiltration detected at immunohistochemistry might be tested as a marker of lateral tumor spread and potentially translated into clinical practice.