These studies indicate that GCTB not only induces osteoclasts, but also possesses activity that inhibits bone formation.

This case suggests that the combination of denosumab with PARP inhibitors and chemoradiotherapy may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients with bone metastasis. Further studies are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of this combined treatment approach.

CSF1R inhibitor can inhibit the tumor growth of recurrent GCTB. Targeting CSF1R and alleviating T cell exhaustion may provide therapeutic insights for the management of relapsed GCTB following DMAb discontinuation.

P2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Columbia University | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2027

The targeted inhibition of osteoclast activity with denosumab has transformed clinical management, inducing profound morphological changes and bone formation...Collectively, GCTB exemplifies a molecularly defined bone tumor in which advances in epigenetic biology and tumor-microenvironment interactions have directly influenced diagnostic practice and therapeutic strategy. Ongoing challenges include refining risk stratification, optimizing treatment sequencing, and clarifying the biological consequences of sustained osteoclast suppression.

She received ribociclib with a reduced dose due to haematological toxicity, as well as letrozole and denosumab due to bone metastasis. Ribociclib was administered safely and effectively for nine months.DiscussionWe presented our experience of using ribociclib in a patient with metastatic breast cancer who was receiving hemodialysis. Ribociclib was administered safely, and a response to the treatment was achieved.

P4, N=102, Active, not recruiting, Amgen | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P4, N=52, Not yet recruiting, National Taiwan University Hospital

P3, N=504, Completed, Enzene Biosciences Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=27, Recruiting, Fudan University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P=N/A, N=200, Not yet recruiting, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; West China Hospital, SCU

P=N/A, N=120, Not yet recruiting, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; West China Hospital, Sichuan University