PTEN negative

In addition, it up-regulated the protein levels of PTEN, Bax, caspase-3, and caspsae-9 and down-regulated the protein levels of p-Akt, p-PI3K, and Bcl-2. In conclusion, Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba medicated plasma can inhibit the expression of miR-1297 in HepG2 hepatoma cells, promote the expression of PTEN, and negatively regulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

Our results demonstrate that Erbb2 ablation reveals a significant suppression of tumorigenesis on endometrial cancer of Ptend/d mice. Our results suggest that Erbb2 functions as an oncogene in endometrial cancer of Ptend/d mice implying that Erbb2 targeting can be used as an effective therapeutic approach for treatment of endometrial cancer with PTEN deficiency to hinder cancer development.

Next-generation sequence analyses for 2 cases with tumours containing SCC(c) demonstrated that PTEN gene mutation increased progressively from IC(c) to NST(c) to SCC(c). In conclusion, the immunohistochemical and molecular profiles of the SCC(c) of MBC are distinct from those of the SpCC(c).

PTEN acts as a double-edged sword that differentially regulates EGFRL858R-induced lung cancer progression in different genomic backgrounds. Understanding the PTEN in lung cancer with different genetic backgrounds will be beneficial for therapy in the future.

In breast cancer the status/expression of PTEN & AKT at mRNA and protein level might be obliging in forecasting the path of disease progression, treatment and prognosis.

In summary, our results indicate that PTEN IHC staining is present in majority of ECs with four common dominant-negative PTEN mutations (retained or less commonly reduced). While recent literature suggests complementary use of PTEN IHC and sequencing to assess PTEN status in EC, these results further highlight that IHC may not be helpful in assessment of PTEN abnormality in cases with dominant-negative PTEN mutations.

Importantly, interference with PTEN expression affects SHMT2 function by promoting AKT signaling activation and PTC metastasis. Collectively, our research demonstrates that SHMT2 connects metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics, contributing to the poor progression of PTC.

These changes in fat, macrophages, liver, muscle, hippocampus, and plasma may be considered "aging rate indicators" in that they seem to be consistently changed across many of the long-lived mouse models and may help to extend lifespan by delaying many forms of late-life illness. Our new findings show that PTENOE mice can be added to the group of long-lived mice that share this multi-tissue suite of biochemical characteristics.

This association is integral as it is the foremost site for PTEN to oppose PI3K/AKT pathway and consequently upregulate autophagy. Thus, this study indicates that sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN can control autophagy via its cell membrane association.

Combination of ATF6α inhibitor with AKT inhibitor suppresses tumor cell proliferation and xenograft growth. Importantly, this study highlighted ATF6α as a therapeutic vulnerability in PTEN dysfunctional PCa.

Daily oral administration of edelfosine in murine prostate restricted AKT kinase transgenic mice, expressing active AKT in a prostate-specific manner, and in a DU145 xenograft mouse model resulted in significant tumor regression and apoptosis in tumor cells. Taken together, these results show a significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of edelfosine against prostate cancer, and highlight the endoplasmic reticulum as a novel and promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

In-vitro functional assays have further demonstrated that a combination of Idelalisib and SRPIN340 achieved a synergistic drug effect (with drastically reduced cell viabilities/growths of tumor spheroids) in inhibiting the advanced tumor cells. In summary, our study has suggested a promising potential of utilizing PI3Kδ-S (an oncogenic isoform conferring drug resistance and exempt from PTEN regulation) as a prognostic biomarker and drug target in advanced endocrine cancers.

HER2 was negative in all the samples. PTEN and EGFR can be used as prognostic markers as well as novel agents for targeted therapy in the future.

Finally, MSI2 expression positively correlated with VEGFR2 and VEGF-A protein levels in human lung adenocarcinoma samples. We conclude that the MSI2/VEGFR2 axis contributes to lung adenocarcinoma progression and is worth further investigations and therapeutic targeting.

Our study indicated a causal relationship between NER and EC that may be exploited in disease management.

Treating these chordoma cells with palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor), rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) or the pan-PI3K inhibitor buparlisib significantly reduced cell viability. Synergistic effects were observed when combining palbociclib with rapamycin. In conclusion, we show that patients with PTEN-/p16-negative chordomas have poor prognoses and provide strong preclinical evidence that these patients might benefit from a Palbociclib/rapamycin combination treatment.

The findings suggest that PARG overexpression is a promising immunohistochemical marker to predict the occurrence and prognosis of EC. Moreover, PARG inhibition produced antitumor effects and increased the sensitivity of EC cells with PTEN deficiency to cisplatin.

Moreover, we investigated the activation of the mTOR pathway and cell response to mTOR inhibitors. CH3 cells were sensitive to Rapamycin treatment suggesting that mTOR inhibitors may represent a valuable option for patients suffering from PTEN-deleted chordomas.

Our results demonstrate that Erbb2 ablation reveals a significant suppression of tumorigenesis on EC of Ptend/d mice. Suggesting ERBB2 targeting is an effective therapeutic approach in EC with PTEN deficiency.

Proteomic analysis demonstrated a relative paucity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in PTEN(-) versus adjacent PTEN(+) areas. The findings add to the understanding of potential molecular intratumoral heterogeneity in melanoma and the features associated with loss of PTEN protein in this disease.

Since PI3K/AKT activation or loss of phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN), the negative regulator of AKT, has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of melanoma brain metastases, we hypothesize that vascular-induced TGFβ preferentially enhances survival and perivascular invasion of PTEN-null melanoma. Disrupting the cohesive contacts between brain-resident melanoma cells and the vasculature could reduce brain colonization and prevent perivascular dispersal throughout the brain.

The analysis of pS133CREB and pS157VASP allows measuring activation of PKA signaling downstream of beta-2 adrenoreceptors. Presented results on the ratio of propranolol/epinephrine and the time needed to inhibit signaling downstream of beta-2 adrenoreceptors will help to design clinical studies that examine the effects of propranolol on prostate tumors.

Apart from this, in silico study of miR-548 family supported its association with the main components of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, opening a prospective research area in cancer therapy. In brief, suppression of PTEN partly mediated by miR-548k diminished apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt pathway in breast cancer, suggesting a novel therapeutic axis, miR-548k/PTEN/ PI3K/Akt, for treatment of breast cancer in the future.

Lastly, flow cytometry and image analysis on isolated primary wildtype mouse hepatocytes provided further support that polyploid cells can accumulate more lipid droplets than diploid hepatocytes. Collectively, we show that polyploidization promotes steatosis and function as an important barrier against liver tumor progression in Pten-deficient livers.

Neuroendocrine tumours of the digestive tract have a distinct molecular profle that is still troublesome to understand regardless of grade, localization as well as other clinicopathological factors. We propose using PTEN expression as a signifcant negative prognostic factor for patients with NET of the digestive tract based on tumour grade and localization, but larger studies on more patients from each group are required in order to introduce PTEN expression in the treatment protocols.

These effects were plectin-depended and plectin was associated with actin-rich adhesions upon hemidesmosome disruption in PTEN-negative prostate cancer cells leading to activation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt- and FAK/Src-pathways. These results suggest that analysis of PTEN and hemidesmosomal proteins may have diagnostic value helping to stratify prostate cancer patients with high risk for development of aggressive disease and highlight actin-associated plectin as a potential therapeutic target specifically in PTEN/hemidesmosome dual-negative prostate cancer.

miR-382-5p can activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting PTEN and promote HCC cell invasion.

This study demonstrated that a higher rate of PTEN deletion is associated with advanced stage cancers with a Gleason's score of 7, which explains the poor prognosis associated with its deletion. Detection of PTEN status will help to identify the specific subsets of patients who might benefit from molecular targeted therapies.

The current study suggests that decreasing PTEN expression or its negative expression may be associated with a higher stage and poor prognosis. Combined analysis of mutated KRAS and PTEN expression could be a good predictor of disease prognosis as well as its clinical outcomes.

Interestingly, PTEN could reverse miR-20a-mediated proliferation of NSCLC cells and the inhibitory effect was similar to that of XAV-939. miR-20a promotes the proliferation of NSCLC cells by inhibiting the expression level of PTEN and upregulating the expression level of PD-L1. It is suggested that miR-20a could be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.

MiR-421 activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through regulating PTEN. MiR-421 promotes lipid metabolism through targeting PTEN via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation in NSCLC, indicating that miR-421 can be a latent therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Our study demonstrates pTEN loss as a novel molecular event in cHCC in elderly population. Overall, pTEN- seems to be associated with earlier presentation and likely more female patients, as well as better survival and better tumor grade. If confirmed this study provides many opportunities to uncover a novel HCC mechanism in this group, as well as explore screening and treatment options that could include mTOR inhibitors.

This is particularly relevant because the extent of PTEN downregulation in tumors has been shown to correlate with severity. Our standardized and robust workflow includes an 11 min microflow LC-MRM analysis on a triple-quadrupole MS and thus provides a much needed tool for the study of PTEN as a potential biomarker for BC.

Compared to parental cells, CHD1 KO cells showed a reduction in ECM and adhesion molecules as well as a greater proportion of viable suspension cells when cultured on standard tissue culture plates and on plates coated with laminin, fibronectin or collagen I. CHD1 KO cells showed a decrease in the expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5), integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6), fibronectin (FN1), laminin subunit beta-3 precursor (LAMB3), collagen, tenascin and vitronectin as compared to parental and NT2 cells. These data suggest that in erythroblast transformation specific (ETS) fusion-negative, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) wildtype PCa, deletion of CHD1 alters cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion dynamics, suggesting an important role for CHD1 in the development and progression of PCa.

Accordingly, elimination of TSPYL5 by inhibiting TSPYL5-pT120 can block aberrant AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN cyclic signaling and TSPYL5-mediated cancer stemness regulation. Our study suggests TSPYL5 be an effective target for therapy-resistant cancer.

PTEN negative indicated a shorter PFS and worse prognosis than PTEN positive in NPC patients. K and K derived from DCE-MRI, which yielded reliable capability, may be considered as potential imaging markers that are correlated with PTEN expression and could be used to predict PTEN expression noninvasively. Combined radiological and clinical features can improve the performance of the classification of PTEN expression.