PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen In Melanoma)

Chromosomal microarray identified heterozygous loss of 9p22.1p13.1 (including CDKN2A/CDKN2B), and loss of 10q22.2q26.3 (including PTEN), supporting malignancy. These findings suggest that in this case, Wagner-Meissner-like bodies likely represent neurotization rather than a benign or collision lesion, highlighting the need for integrated histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis in challenging melanocytic neoplasms.

PRAME is highly and frequently expressed in NUT carcinoma, and the most common oncoprotein causing NUT carcinoma, BRD4::NUTM1, contributes to these high PRAME levels. PRAME epitopes presented by HLA class I are a previously unrecognized therapeutic vulnerability for NUT carcinoma that warrants clinical trials testing PRAME-targeted immunotherapies in this neglected patient population.

This case highlights the role of TPR::NTRK1 fusion in driving abnormal melanocyte proliferation and the potential contribution of MCL1 amplification to tumor progression. These findings provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of APN in CMN and suggest potential therapeutic targets for high-risk lesions.

This suggests that a more rigorous, defined, and reproducible scoring method should be investigated for equivocal cases. Future studies may explore the utility of artificial intelligence software in the interpretation of PRAME for borderline lesions to improve reliability and standardize scoring.

This automated tool can assist (dermato) pathologists by providing a quick overview of the WSI at first glance and making the time-consuming assessment of resection margins more efficient and more reproducible. The AI model can provide significant benefits in the daily routine workflow.

This is the first study to provide consensus-based guidance incorporating GEP and PRAME status into surveillance recommendations for uveal melanoma, offering a standardized framework to guide clinical practice and future research.

Further rational modification of the CD28 binding motifs improves tumor control in vivo with increased intratumoral accumulation and reduced exhaustion. This benefit also extends to PRAME and WT1-specific TCRs in vitro supporting generalizability.

Clinical outcomes correlated with peripheral expansion of functional TAA-targeted T cell clones and treatment-emergent antigen spreading. Thus, further investigation of this approach, either as a single agent or combined with other complementary modalities, is warranted (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03192462 ).

The findings indicate that PRAME expression is not associated with histologic grade or clinical parameters in DN, suggesting that this marker may have limited prognostic or diagnostic value in these lesions. These results need to be supported by larger sample-sized and comparative studies.

NGS identified an AKAP9 (exon 32)::BRAF (exon 9) fusion, without TERT promoter mutations or other high-risk alterations. This case highlights a rare molecular subset of Spitz melanocytoma and underscores the importance of integrated molecular and histopathological assessment for accurate diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and potential targeted therapy.

Treatment similar to that of melanoma was commenced with pembrolizumab, which he completed without significant side-effects...Paediatric metastatic atypical DPN is not documented. Paediatric oncology supraspecialist MDT consensus was mandatory for management and support for our patient.

Standardized reporting is crucial for accurate diagnosis, management and prognosis. Improving compliance with core data reporting will enhance the quality of pathological information, which in turn enhances clinical decision making.