PPM1D (Protein Phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ Dependent 1D)

Recent studies have shown that mutation genes related to clonal hematopoiesis (such as DNMT3A and PPM1D) may be closely related to the adverse prognosis of HSCT. The present article systematically summarizes the genetic factors, inducements, research progress, and impact on patient prognosis of HSCT-related clonal hematopoiesis, providing a theoretical basis for further exploration of the related mechanisms and optimization of HSCT regimens.

177Lu-PSMA-617 strongly promotes CH, supporting integration of longitudinal monitoring for long-term hematologic sequelae as radioligand therapy is implemented earlier in prostate cancer care.

In p53-wild-type, PPM1D-mutant DIPG neurospheres (BT869), ATSP-7041 exhibited ~125-fold greater anti-tumor activity than the HDM2-selective antagonist RG7388, consistent with elevated HDMX expression. This feasibility study provides proof-of-concept for on-target p53 reactivation in DIPG using a BBB-penetrant dual HDM2/HDMX inhibitor delivered by the MIND platform. The findings support a translational path for ALRN-6924, the clinical analog of ATSP-7041, in DIPG and potentially other brain tumors that retain wild-type p53 but remain incurable due to drug resistance and restricted CNS access.

To characterize CH in CLL, 620 patients from two German CLL Study Group trials were analyzed (CLL12 (ibrutinib vs. placebo) and CLL14 (venetoclax-obinutuzumab [Ven-Obi] vs. chlorambucil-obinutuzumab [Clb-Obi])) using error-corrected next-generation sequencing with a VAF threshold of 0.5%. In contrast, CH had no prognostic impact in patients receiving targeted therapies. This study demonstrates the high prevalence of CH, highlights its differential impact across various CLL therapies and underscores its adverse influence on patient outcomes.

Emerging therapeutic strategies, including inflammasome inhibition, STING modulation, and epigenetic restoration, highlight its potential as a modifiable risk factor. This narrative review synthesizes current epidemiological, mechanistic, and translational insights, framing CHIP as an emerging causal factor in cardiometabolic disease and as a promising target for precision medicine in aging populations.

BM eosinophilia or basophilia was not uncommon. MDS with BM eosinophilia exhibited distinct mutational profiles including DDR genes mutations, which may attribute to adverse clinical outcomes. Identification of these subtypes can aid in prognosis and potentially guide targeted therapeutic approaches.

This integrated transcriptomic and miRNA profiling study reveals subtype-specific dysregulation of MAPK-associated genes and their miRNA regulators in BC, with TNBC exhibiting the most profound alterations. These findings provide insight into potential targets for personalized therapeutic strategies.

The totality of current evidence suggests that germline DDR pathway mutations not only predispose to well-established solid malignancy syndromes but also to CH, which independently increases the risk of hematologic malignancies. Recognizing germline contributions to CH has broad implications for risk assessment, surveillance strategies, and development of preventive strategies in myeloid neoplasia.

These defects sensitized cells to radiation and decreased clonogenic survival after ionizing radiation and PARP inhibition. Ppm1d mutations confer intermediate suppression of the p53 pathway, consistent with the clinical features of PPM1D -mutant DMGs and are associated with radiosensitivity and PARP inhibitor vulnerability.

Immunotherapy, although not associated with increased mutagenesis, was linked to driver mutations in PPM1D and TP53, illustrating how non-mutagenic treatment can sculpt somatic evolution. Our study reveals the rich tapestry of mutational processes and driver mutations in normal tissue, and the profound effect of lifetime exposures, including cancer treatment, on somatic evolution.

Collectively, this study highlights the critical role of TP53 target genes in the immediate response of TNBC cells to DNA-damaging agents like doxorubicin and etoposide. It also reveals distinct molecular mechanisms regulating their expression in resistant versus sensitive cells, offering potential therapeutic targets to improve treatment strategies for TNBC.

NFE2 gene mutations in MPNs were predominantly frameshift mutations. NFE2 gene mutations were correlated with older age, elevated levels of several inflammatory factors (including TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12P70、IL-17) , and they mostly occurred in late-stage of MPNs.