The study showed that combining RSG and probiotics in an experimental medication form improved symptoms of MS more effectively than using RSG alone. This improvement is likely due to changes in STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways.

P2, N=20, Completed, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Phase classification: P2a --> P2

The synthesized compounds also showed interactions in molecular docking study with the PPAR-γ receptor and demonstrated good stability in MD simulation. Our results highlight that through activation of PPAR-γ, the compounds 4a, 4h and 4j offer neuroprotective effects by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and hence, they may be considered lead molecules for treating AD.

Saroglitazar may be a viable therapy option for 5-FU toxicity as it halts the interaction network of NF-kB and Nrf2 signaling pathways and apoptosis.

Our findings suggest that treatment with CS055 combined with chiglitazar, will target LSCs by inducing ferroptosis and may confer an effective approach for the treatment of AML.

P2, N=1, Terminated, University of Maryland, Baltimore | N=20 --> 1 | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Sep 2024 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Sep 2024; Loss of Financial Sponsor

P2, N=180, Active, not recruiting, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=4, Terminated, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | N=160 --> 4 | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Oct 2023 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2025 --> Oct 2023; Sponsor Decision

Additionally, CB modulated peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and MARCO expression in M2 macrophages and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in A549 cells, which was partially reversed by rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. Finally, CB and cisplatin treatments hindered tumor growth in vivo, with distinct impacts on animal body weight and macrophage marker expression in tumor tissues. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that CB exerted complex regulatory effects on macrophage polarization and tumor progression, suggesting its potential as a modulator of the tumor microenvironment and a therapeutic for cancer treatment.

P1, N=32, Completed, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=60, Active, not recruiting, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Phase classification: P2a --> P2 | N=90 --> 60 | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 --> Nov 2024

P1, N=24, Recruiting, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Nov 2024

P1, N=98, Completed, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=67, Not yet recruiting, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University

Both Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone effectively induced adipogenesis in cancer cells, marked by PPARγ and C/EBPα upregulation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and lipid droplet accumulation...A metastasis ex vivo culture from a patient diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer demonstrated a synergistic upregulation of PPARγ with the combination of Pioglitazone and Cobimetinib. Our results highlight the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting cancer cell plasticity and the dedifferentiation phenotype in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Combining differentiation treatments with standard therapeutic approaches may offer a strategy to overcome drug resistance.

The results showed preventive effect of Cs comparable to that of Dexa and the potential additive preventive capabilities of the Cs and Pio indicate that the involvement of the PPARγ receptor is implicated in the effects induced by Cs.

P3, N=150, Recruiting, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

CI, Pio, and Cl-L + Pio improved PQ-induced lung inflammation and oxidative damage comparable with the effects of Dex.

P=N/A, N=20, Completed, Arizona State University | Unknown status --> Completed

This suggests that rosiglitazone may be used in clinical settings to enhance the security of neonatal sevoflurane exposure. Furthermore, PPARγ and fatty acid synthase (FASN) may be mediators for rosiglitazone, which alleviates myelination defects, cognitive impairment, and fine motor dysfunction.

P1/2, N=60, Suspended, Ability Pharmaceuticals SL | Trial completion date: Apr 2024 --> Dec 2024

P2, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Emory University | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2028 --> Feb 2028 | Trial completion date: Aug 2028 --> Feb 2028

P=N/A, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Ain Shams University

P3, N=533, Completed, Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed

P3, N=126, Recruiting, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Jun 2027 --> Oct 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Apr 2027

P2, N=42, Completed, Inventiva Pharma | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2024

P1, N=45, Completed, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical

Recently, studies have reported the anticancer properties of rosiglitazone related to its ability to bind peroxisome proliferator receptor γ (PPARγ), which has various effects on cancer and can inhibit cell proliferation...We have also shown the PPARγ modulatory properties of Les-3467 and Les-4369. However, both compounds prove weak anticancer properties evidenced by their action at high concentrations and non-selective effects against BJ and A549 cells.

Our results confirm that both saroglitazar and curcumin ameliorate NAFLD by regulating the Nrf2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that curcumin could serve as a suitable substitute for saroglitazar, although they appear to have a synergistic effect.

P4, N=54, Recruiting, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jul 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Jun 2025

P4, N=26, Active, not recruiting, University Hospital, Antwerp | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=74 --> 26 | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Aug 2024

P=N/A, N=201, Completed, VA Office of Research and Development | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Finally, we found that JC2-11 and lanifibranor limited the FFA-induced increase in oil-red lipid droplets, liver damage, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, tissue structure, gene expression, and the response of mouse liver organoids to drugs can partially mimic in vivo liver tissue. Liver organoids can successfully construct NAFLD models for drug discovery research.

P1, N=24, Completed, Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed | N=44 --> 24

P1, N=24, Completed, Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Jul 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Jul 2023

P2, N=104, Completed, Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed

Our data suggest that PPAR-γ agonists may be a useful adjuvant therapy to preserve tissue mass in lung cancer.

P4, N=28, Recruiting, The University of Texas at Arlington | Trial completion date: Apr 2024 --> Apr 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 --> Apr 2025

P3, N=150, Not yet recruiting, Zydus Therapeutics Inc.

Importantly, rosiglitazone, one agonist of PPAR-gamma, substantially restored phenotypes resulting from Seipin deficiency, such as aberrant LDs, reduced sphingolipids, obstructed OPC differentiation, and neurobehavioral defects. Collectively, the present study elucidated how Seipin deficiency-induced lipid dysregulation leads to neurobehavioral deficits via impairing myelination, which may pave the way for developing novel intervention strategy for treating metabolism-involved neurological disorders.

The relationship and function of the ALDOC-PPAR-γ axis could serve as a potential prognostic indicator. Furthermore, PPAR-γ agonists offer a new treatment alternative for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

P2/3, N=186, Active, not recruiting, Zydus Therapeutics Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> May 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> May 2025