PILRA (Paired Immunoglobin Like Type 2 Receptor Alpha)

We identified PILRA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer and analyzed its association with immunotherapy response. The findings provide new insight and potential strategies for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Results from RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in clinical samples showed that the expression levels of PILRA, Mki67, and UBE2C were markedly different between cancerous and adjacent tissues. PILRA, MKI67, and UBE2C, as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, are anticipated to serve as promising therapeutic targets for the clinical management of both breast cancer and thyroid cancer.

The newly associated proteins indicated the involvement of complement (C1S and C1R), microglia (SIRPA, SIGLEC9 and PRSS8) and lysosomes (CLN5) in Alzheimer's disease; the interleukin-6 pathway (CTF1) in Parkinson's disease; lysosomes (TPP1), blood-brain barrier integrity (MFAP2) and astrocytes (TNFSF13) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and blood-brain barrier integrity (VEGFB), oligodendrocytes (PARP1), node of Ranvier and dorsal root ganglion (NCS1, FLRT3 and CDH15) and the innate immune system (CR1, AHSG and WARS) in multiple sclerosis. Our study demonstrates how harnessing large-scale genomic and proteomic data can yield new insights into the role of the plasma proteome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

We observed a notable pattern of cellular changes along the nBM-MGUS-SMM-NDMM-RRMM axis, indicating a progressive increase in immune suppression primarily driven by myeloid cells. These observations provide valuable insights into immune cell dynamics, their functional characteristics, and potential roles during disease progression and highlight potential targets for further investigation, especially in the context of RRMM.

Compared to PD-L1-negative LUAD tissues, the protein levels of PSTPIP1 and PILRA were relatively increased in the PD-L1-positive tissues, and the expression of PSTPIP1 and PILRA positively correlated with the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We identified PSTPIP1 and PILRA as prognostic biomarkers relevant to immune infiltration in LUAD, and both are associated with the response to anti-PD-L1 treatment.