News - PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

26d

Feasibility of ctDNA in detecting minimal residual disease and predicting recurrence for colorectal cancer liver metastases. (PubMed, Front Oncol)

Additionally, the presence of ctDNA postoperatively was predictive of recurrence. This study corroborates current literature and provides rational for moving toward a clinical trial using ctDNA and dPCR to detect MRD after CRLM resection.

26 days ago

Journal • Minimal residual disease • Circulating tumor DNA

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

7ms

Association between KRAS and PIK3CA Mutations and Progesterone Resistance in Endometriotic Epithelial Cell Line. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol)

We conducted a migration assay, invasion assay, and MTT assay using dienogest and medroxyprogestrone acetate. Our results suggest that KRAS mutation and PIK3CA mutation in endometriotic cells may not be associated with progesterone resistance in terms of aggressiveness. However, KRAS mutations may be associated with progesterone resistance in the context of pain.

7 months ago

Preclinical • Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • IL6 (Interleukin 6)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PGR expression • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

12ms

Mixed Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell Carcinoma, and Endometrioid Carcinoma Arising from an Endometriotic Cyst. (PubMed, Int J Surg Pathol)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma combined with a clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma, which supports the hypothesis that mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma is an endometriosis-associated neoplasm. The report also highlights a potential pitfall in diagnosing mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma combined with clear cell carcinoma.

12 months ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3) • PAX8 (Paired box 8)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • ARID1A mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

1year

Title , Early Identification of KRAS and PIK3CA Mutations Using Multiplex Digital PCR Compatible with Liquid Biopsy Samples to Support Tumor Progression Surveillance (AMP 2023)

We developed a comprehensive multiplex mutant detection method with high sensitivity and specificity. This study demonstrates the strong potential of Absolute Q dPCR as a powerful multiplex platform for early mutation detection and monitoring in liquid biopsy samples.

1 year ago

Liquid biopsy • Biopsy

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha)

KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS G12D • PIK3CA H1047R • KRAS wild-type • PIK3CA E545K • RAS wild-type • KRAS G12 • PIK3CA E542K • KRAS G12S • PIK3CA E545 • PIK3CA E542 • PIK3CA H1047L • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over1year

Clinicopathological and molecular analyses of uterine carcinosarcomas using next-generation sequencing: A single-center experience. (PubMed, Indian J Pathol Microbiol)

Although no statistical significance was found between the detected mutation and clinicopathological data, it was concluded that PDGFRA mutation might be associated with advanced-stage disease development. This study's findings regarding different molecular types of UCS and information on oncogenesis of UCS can provide inferences for targeted therapies in the future by identifying targetable mutations representing early oncogenic events and thereby contribute toward further studies on this subject.

over 1 year ago

Journal • Next-generation sequencing

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • ERBB3 (V-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3) • PDGFRA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha)

KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • KIT mutation • PDGFRA mutation • EGFR mutation + PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over1year

KRAS mutated colorectal cancers with or without PIK3CA mutations: Clinical and molecular profiles inform current and future therapeutics. (PubMed, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol)

The backbone of common KRAS and PIK3CA mutations is a rational frame for development of therapeutic algorithms in colorectal cancer and can help guide new drug therapies development. In addition, the prevalence of different molecular groups presented here may help with planning of combination clinical trials by providing estimations of sub-sets with more than one alteration.

over 1 year ago

Review • Journal • IO biomarker

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A)

KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • PIK3CA mutation • ATM mutation • ARID1A mutation • KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • PIK3CA wild-type • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation • KRAS mutation + PIK3CA wild-type • PIK3CA mutation + RAS wild-type

over1year

Comparative genomic proﬁling and disease monitoring in unresectable gastric and colon cancer (AACR 2023)

"This study compared the variation landscape between gastric and colon cancer patients, and demonstrated the technical feasibility of genome-wide copy number variations through liquid biopsy, revealing its potential clinical utility of longitudinal disease monitoring."

over 1 year ago

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

PredicineATLAS™ • PredicineCNB™

over1year

Molecular Landscape and Association With Crohn Disease of Poorly Cohesive Carcinomas of the Nonampullary Small Bowel. (PubMed, Am J Clin Pathol)

SB-PCCs may harbor RHOA mutations, which are reminiscent of the diffuse subtype of gastric cancers or appendiceal GCAs, while KRAS and PIK3CA mutations, commonly involved in colorectal and small bowel adenocarcinomas, are not typical of such cancers.

over 1 year ago

Journal • MSi-H Biomarker

HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • RHOA (Ras homolog family member A)

KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • BRAF mutation • HER-2 amplification • PIK3CA mutation • IDH1 mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 amplification • KRAS amplification • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation • BRAF amplification

TruSight Oncology 500 Assay

almost2years

Establishment of a Novel In Vitro Model of Endometriosis with Oncogenic KRAS and PIK3CA Mutations (WCE 2023)

Patient-derived organoids are potentially a useful platform to explore molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis and ovarian cancer from endometriosis and discover personalized drugs. Our experimental system and associated datasets of WES and RNA-seq are expected to have broad applications in studying biology of the human endometriosis.

almost 2 years ago

Preclinical

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

2years

KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1 signatures in colorectal cancer patients in south-eastern Romania. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore))

In conclusion, the assessment of these mutations suggests that CRC patients from southeast Romania exhibit a mutation profile similar to other populations. These results could contribute to creating a better method of qualifying patients for molecularly targeted therapies and obtaining better screening strategies.

2 years ago

Journal • MSi-H Biomarker

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • AKT1 (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1)

KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation • AKT1 mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation • BRAF exon 15 mutation

over2years

Histomorphological and molecular genetic characterization of different intratumoral regions and matched metastatic lymph nodes of colorectal cancer with heterogenous mismatch repair protein expression. (PubMed, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol)

Intratumoral heterogeneous MSI status is highly correlated with intratumoral histomorphological heterogeneity, which is also an important clue for the intratumoral heterogeneity of drive gene mutations in CRC. Thus, it is essential to detect MMR protein expression and other gene mutations in metastases before treatment, especially for CRCs with intratumoral heterogenous MMR protein expression or heterogenous histomorphological features.

over 2 years ago

Journal • Mismatch repair • MSi-H Biomarker

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • MLH1 (MutL homolog 1) • MSH6 (MutS homolog 6) • MSH2 (MutS Homolog 2) • PMS2 (PMS1 protein homolog 2)

KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over2years

Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinoma of Uterine Corpus: A Clinicopathological and Targeted Genomic Profiling Study in a Single Institution. (PubMed, Front Oncol)

MLA is a rare and aggressive malignancy, representing approximately 1% of all endometrial carcinomas. It exhibits mixed architectures associated with distinctive immunophenotype and recurrent KRAS and PIK3CA mutations, supporting classified as of Müllerian origin with mesonephric differentiation.

over 2 years ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) • NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) • MME (Membrane Metalloendopeptidase) • GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3)

TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PTEN mutation • ARID1A mutation • TP53 expression • PGR expression • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over2years

Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Female Genital Tract: From Morphologic Observations to A Well-characterized Carcinoma With Aggressive Clinical Behavior. (PubMed, Adv Anat Pathol)

In this paper, I outline the series of events which lead to the first description of MLA and review the subsequent literature on this tumor type which has expanded on the morphologic features and immunophenotype, discovered the molecular underpinnings and elucidated the clinical behavior. The discovery of MLA represents an example of "new" entities still to this day being discovered through careful morphologic observations and referral of cases for specialist opinion.

over 2 years ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) • GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • HR negative • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over2years

Integrative molecular analysis of combined small-cell lung carcinoma reveals EGFR and KRAS mutational analysis as the theragnostic tools in whole small cells lung carcinoma landscape (ENETS 2022)

These data support the extension of routine EGFR, KRAS and PIK3CA mutational analysis to C-SCLC and their subclassification into neuroendocrine vs. non-neuroendocrine for inclusion in proper clinical trials.

over 2 years ago

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • RB1 (RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1)

TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • KRAS G12C • PIK3CA mutation • PTEN mutation • KRAS G12 • EGFR mutation + KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation + PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

almost3years

INTEGRATIVE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF COMBINED SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER IDENTIFIES TWO MAJOR SUBGROUPS WITH DIFFERENT THERAPEUTICAL PERSPECTIVES (AIOM 2021)

almost 3 years ago

TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • KRAS G12C • PIK3CA mutation • PTEN mutation • KRAS G12 • EGFR mutation + PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

3years

Superior Overall Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer, Regular Aspirin Use, and Combined Wild-Type PIK3CA and KRAS-Mutated Tumors. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))

We observed a significant 10-year overall survival benefit in patients with aspirin use and combined wild-type PIK3CA and mutated-KRAS tumors (HR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17-0.87; p = 0.02), but not in patients without aspirin use. Our data indicate a benefit of aspirin usage particularly for patients with combined wild-type PIK3CA and mutated-KRAS tumor characteristics.

3 years ago

Clinical • Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

aspirin

3years

Identification and clinical significance of somatic oncogenic mutations in epithelial ovarian cancer. (PubMed, J Ovarian Res)

EOCs were heterogeneous at the genomic level and harbored somatic oncogenic mutations. Our molecular profiling may have the potential for becoming a novel stratification within histological subtypes of EOC. Further studies are needed to define molecular classification for improved clinical outcomes and treatment of EOC patients in future.

3 years ago

Clinical • Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) • PIK3CB (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta)

TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PTEN mutation • CTNNB1 mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

3years

Quadruple-editing of MAPK and PI3K pathways effectively blocks the progression of KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer cells. (PubMed, Cancer Sci)

Moreover, the quadruple-editing intravenously delivered by APC significantly blocked dual-pathway and tumor growth of KRAS-mutated CRC cells, without influencing normal tissues in cell- and patient-derived xenograft models. Therefore, APC-delivered quadruple-editing of MAPK and PI3K pathways shows a promising therapeutic potential for KRAS-mutated CRC.

3 years ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1)

KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over3years

[VIRTUAL] Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is enriched for EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) mutations (ESMO 2021)

CGP of plasma from pts with CRC contains rich ctDNA signal and recapitulates the genomic landscape detected in tissue biopsies. ctDNA-based detection of KRAS and BRAF alterations, targetable fusions, and possible resistance mutations, suggests this may be a compelling alternative to tissue CGP when a tissue specimen is inadequate or unavailable.

over 3 years ago

Clinical • Circulating tumor DNA

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • MLH1 (MutL homolog 1) • MSH6 (MutS homolog 6) • MSH2 (MutS Homolog 2) • SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) • PMS2 (PMS1 protein homolog 2) • MUTYH (MutY homolog) • SOX9 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9)

KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • BRAF mutation • PIK3CA mutation • EGFR mutation + PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

FoundationOne® CDx • FoundationOne® Liquid CDx

over3years

Hybrid Capture-based Genomic Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA From Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer. (PubMed, Pathol Oncol Res)

Our results suggest that genomic profiling of ctDNA could detect somatic GAs in a significant subset of patients with ovarian cancer. Hybrid capture-NGS based on liquid biopsy has the potential capability to serve as a substitute to tissue biopsy and further studies are warranted.

over 3 years ago

Clinical • Journal • MSi-H Biomarker • Circulating tumor DNA

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11) • HRD (Homologous Recombination Deficiency) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • LRP1B (LDL Receptor Related Protein 1B)

KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • PIK3CA mutation • PTEN mutation • STK11 mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

over3years

Dual targeting of MEK and PI3K effectively controls the proliferation of human EGFR-TKI resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines with different genetic backgrounds. (PubMed, BMC Pulm Med)

Dual targeting regulated the proliferation of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells, especially mutants in K-RAS and PIK3CA that are promising for EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC therapeutics.

over 3 years ago

Preclinical • Journal

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • EIF4EBP1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1)

KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • PIK3CA mutation • MET amplification • MAP2K1 mutation • KRAS amplification • EGFR H1975 • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

Gilotrif (afatinib) • Mektovi (binimetinib) • buparlisib (AN2025) • tivantinib (ARQ 197)

over3years

[VIRTUAL] Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in lung cancer patients with FGFR genes alterations (ELCC 2021)

Conclusions Our cohort did not show that FGFR genes alterations confer distinct clinical characteristics in LG patients. However, much more investigation is needed.

over 3 years ago

Clinical • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) • FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor)

KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • PIK3CA mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

almost4years

[VIRTUAL] Breast Cancer Harboring KRAS Mutations: A Data Analysis Of 7283 Patients From cBioPortal (USCAP 2021)

Less than 1% of invasive breast cancers harbor KRAS hotspot mutations. The majority (81%) of KRAS -mutant breast cancers also harbor PIK3CA mutations, which can be targeted with an FDA-approved PI3K inhibitor (alpelisib). Further studies to assess the effect of the presence of KRAS hotspot mutations on PI3K pathway activation and response to alpelisib in PIK3CA -mutant breast cancer are warranted.

almost 4 years ago

Clinical

HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha)

HER-2 positive • KRAS mutation • ER positive • HER-2 negative • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12V • KRAS G12A • KRAS G12S • KRAS Q61H • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation

Piqray (alpelisib)

almost4years

PI3K-driven HER2 expression is a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer stem cells. (PubMed, Gut)

While PI3K targeting kills liver-colonising CR-CSCs, the concomitant inhibition of PI3K, HER2 and MEK is required to induce regression of tumours resistant to anti-EGFR therapies. These data may provide a rationale for designing clinical trials in the adjuvant and metastatic setting.

almost 4 years ago

Journal

HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • CD44 (CD44 Molecule)

HER-2 amplification • PIK3CA mutation • HER-2 expression • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation • HER-2-H

almost4years

Colon cancer combined with obesity indicates improved survival- research on relevant mechanism. (PubMed, Aging (Albany NY))

The sites and types of TP53 mutation were alternated in obesity patients. In conclusion, our research demonstrated the potential mechanisms of prolonged survival in colon cancer patients combined with obesity, which may provide potential value for improving the prognosis of colon cancer.

almost 4 years ago

Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3)

TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • PIK3CA mutation + KRAS mutation