PGR (Progesterone receptor)

In addition, we have presented four enhancer reprogramming mechanisms (transcription factor cooperation, pioneer factor binding, dynamic assisted loading, and tethering) and the multiple enhancer-promoter contact models. Based on these mechanisms and models, this review proposes that the combination of multiple therapy strategies such as agonists/antagonists of SHRs plus endocrine therapy and the adoption of the latest sequencing technologies are expected to improve the efficacy of ER positive breast cancer treatment.

According to literature, and TailorX trial data, our study confirms the importance of ODX as a tool able to guide therapeutic choices and ensure patients the most appropriate adjuvant treatment.

Our results indicate that adenocarcinomas of intestinal-type, in distal vagina or vestibular vulva, might be a unique and single entity, probably originating from cloacogenic embryonic remnants and/or ectopic colorectal mucosae inclusions. An open question would be to explore the efficacy of systemic drugs prescribed in colorectal cancers, in VVAIts.

This review focuses on the topic of tumor-on-a-chip, microfluidic chip manufacturing, and drug screening for triple-negative breast cancer. Particular emphasis is placed on cancer biomarker diagnostics, 3D preclinical model development, and treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.

Diagnostic laparoscopy could be considered before debulking surgery, to assess resectability of disease and to avoid a futile exploratory laparotomy. HIPEC after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) remains controversial, with possible survival benefit for KTs of gastric origin, particularly when peritoneal dissemination is present but the PCI is low.

Dose-dense chemotherapy regimens and the addition of carboplatin have been associated with an improvement in these response rates. Furthermore, immunotherapy, particularly pembrolizumab, has shown significant benefits in terms of recurrence-free survival...In conclusion, despite recent progress, TNBC remains a major clinical challenge. A better understanding of its biology and a personalized therapeutic approach are essential to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this aggressive form of breast cancer.

We demonstrated that ER/PR expression remain prognostically relevant within the molecular subgroups, and that a three-tiered cutoff refines prognostication. These data support incorporating routine evaluation of ER/PR expression in clinical practice.

In real-world practice, PARPis are well-tolerated with promising TTF in gBRCA1/2 and gPALB2 carriers. Further studies will delineate the clinical efficacy of PARPis in other MBC subsets, such as sBRCA mutations, HER2-positive disease, and CNS metastasis.

IALM had favorable outcome. Notably, IALMs frequently exhibited a GJA4 mutation, which was linked to the cavernous sinus and orbital locations, as well as PR expression.

P1, N=42, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025

P2, N=603, Completed, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Our findings should be used to guide breast cancer management policies in Morocco. Larger cohort studies are needed to determine the specificity of the breast cancer profile in Morocco as well as the epidemiological risk factors specific to every subtype.

P1, N=149, Recruiting, Phost'In Therapeutics | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 --> Nov 2024

Phytochemicals categorized as alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, phytosterols, and organosulfur compounds have been demonstrated to reduce cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating various molecular pathways, thereby reducing the spread of triple-negative breast cancer. This review analyzes the molecular mechanisms by which various phytochemicals fight triple-negative breast cancer and offers a perspective on the difficulties and potential prospects for treating triple-negative breast cancer with various phytochemicals.

In this cohort study of young adults with breast cancer, we identified a subset of patients who experienced a high degree of financial difficulty persisting into early survivorship. Targeted interventions to mitigate financial toxicity-modifiable factors that include support for the employability or return to work support for those experiencing arm symptoms after treatment-are needed.

P1, N=62, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025

P2, N=220, Active, not recruiting, West German Study Group | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> Jan 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2015 --> Jan 2025

A high level of agreement between IHC/ISH and mRNA expression determined by the APIS kit was observed for all markers. Subtype call agreement improved when Ki67 status was excluded, likely due to the challenges in distinguishing high and low Ki67 expression with IHC, leading to ambiguity in differentiating luminal B HER2- from luminal A tumours. Molecular subtyping offers additional insights for guiding breast cancer management decisions.

By leveraging the dynamic range of RNA expression, this study established a ΔCt semi-quantitative scale for evaluating targets with the APIS Breast Cancer Subtyping Kit. This is particularly significant for the classification of HER-low, which has emerged to be critical in identifying patients who may benefit from novel anti-HER2 therapies.

P3, N=340, Active, not recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | N=800 --> 340 | Trial completion date: Jul 2028 --> Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2028 --> Mar 2025

P2, N=348, Recruiting, West German Study Group | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P3, N=1684, Active, not recruiting, West German Study Group | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P=N/A, N=288, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University

P4, N=40, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

P2, N=60, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University

P2, N=180, Recruiting, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center

P1, N=388, Recruiting, Shanghai Chest Hospital; CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd

P2, N=60, Completed, University of Sydney | Terminated --> Completed

P1, N=18, Recruiting, University of Washington | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 --> Dec 2025

P1/2, N=116, Recruiting, Cantargia AB | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2026 --> Jun 2025

P2, N=52, Completed, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la cura dei Tumori | Unknown status --> Completed | N=150 --> 52

P1/2, N=40, Completed, Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine | Phase classification: P=N/A --> P1/2

ET/HT can probably be used after ovarian neoplasms except for granulosa cell tumors, and with great caution after low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and serous borderline ovarian tumors. ET/HT can be used with great caution in women after estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer and is probably allowed after ER/PR-negative breast cancer.

NOLUS positivity was observed in 20.43% of patients aged 22-50, compared to 8.93% in those over 50, though this difference was not statistically significant. NOLUS exhibits potential in predicting pCR in HR+/HER2- breast cancer, serving as a cost-effective substitute for genomic tests.

P1, N=272, Active, not recruiting, Genentech, Inc. | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Mar 2025

AR expression may be related to good prognostic factors such as ER expression, PgR expression, and lower histologic grade. We also observed that AR expression did not have any association with the Ki67 proliferative index.

P1/2, N=33, Active, not recruiting, University of Virginia | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2030 --> Jan 2031 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025

P=N/A, N=200, Active, not recruiting, University College Cork | Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Dec 2024

Moreover, protein expression of COX2/b, LIF/b and p53/b increased following treatment with PRP in the RIF group with the endometrium thickness < 7 mm. PRP enhances expression of LIF, COX2, p53, ERs and PRs in the RIF patients with thin endometrium which may improve endometrium receptivity.

Together, the results suggest that mRNA expression of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR might differ depending on menopausal status in breast tumors with certain receptor status. More importantly, the change in the expression of ESR1 and ESR2 following menopause is in the opposite directions in breast cancer patients showing the need to identify particular molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of ER isoforms post-menopause in different directions in breast cancer patients, considering the high clinical importance of these receptors in terms of the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.

Overall, the present study demonstrated that ULBP1 was associated with BRCA immunity and might serve as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for patients with BRCA. In addition, it might also be a potential target for the immunotherapy of BRCA.

BCL-2 expression in IBC; NST has different prognostic effects depending on the molecular subtype of the cancer. In cancers with a HER2-enriched phenotype, BCL-2 expression was a marker of poor prognosis, while in cancers with a hormone receptor-positive phenotype, BCL-2 expression had a better prognostic impact.