PGR (Progesterone receptor)

Mastectomy was the primary surgical intervention while tamoxifen was the most widely used adjuvant endocrine therapy-exemestane therapy (A-ET). Findings suggest an urgent need for male-specific clinical trials and molecular research to optimise treatment and outcome. In Portugal increased awareness and early detection initiatives will be important to advance MBC care.

P2, N=220, Recruiting, UNICANCER | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Tumor aggressiveness was associated with a high Ki67 score, HER2/neu positivity, and the absence of hormone receptor expression in patients.

Fifteen studies that met the established inclusion criteria were analyzed, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach, demonstrating high reliability in the results obtained, the analyzed studies focus on the combination of adjuvant Pertuzumab + Trastuzumab with chemotherapy for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab not only improves the survival of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer but also provides a safe and flexible treatment option.

Advancements in imaging and genomic technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing radiogenomic research. A thorough understanding of resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies, making radiogenomics a valuable integrative approach in personalized medicine that aims to improve clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic endocrine-positive breast cancer.

Notably, 68Ga-Pentixafor complements 18F-FDG by detecting more metastasis in the brain and the skull where FDG has limitations, while 18F-FDG remains superior for detecting skeletal metastasis. Future research should further explore the potential of CXCR4-targeted PET imaging in selecting patients with triple-negative breast cancer and high-grade breast cancer who may benefit from CXCR4-targeted therapies, particularly in the context of HIV co-infection.

P3, N=404, Recruiting, BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Jan 2026

P2, N=25, Active, not recruiting, Mothaffar Rimawi | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2025

P2, N=120, Recruiting, Akeso | N=80 --> 120 | Trial completion date: Oct 2023 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2023 --> Jul 2025

P1/2, N=42, Active, not recruiting, Biotheus Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=60 --> 42

Certain sonographic features are associated with the estrogen/progesterone receptor hormone receptor status and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. With validation of this association, ultrasound may serve as a basic imaging modality for predicting molecular subtypes of breast cancer even in remote areas, where immunohistochemistry hormone receptor and HER2 testing are not available.

P2, N=96, Recruiting, Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Jul 2027

Increased signaling via the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway may be a mechanism for the transition to hormone independence in recurrent diseases.

P2, N=39, Active, not recruiting, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Feb 2025 --> Dec 2025

P2, N=15, Active, not recruiting, Canadian Cancer Trials Group | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025

Additionally, review articles provide insights into diverse mammalian organoid systems, rat mammary tumor models, and strategies for modeling breast cancer metastasis. Together, these contributions advance mammary gland research by refining experimental approaches, expanding model diversity, and fostering translational applications in breast cancer.

Within non-mammary, non-gynecological, non-prostate, and non-testicular tumors, ER positivity was more common in tumors from female (1.4% of 2,528) than from male patients (0.6% of 3,228; p=0.0003). In summary, our data provide a ranking list of tumor entities according to their prevalence of ER positivity and shows that ER can be strongly expressed in a small number of non-breast and non-gynecological tumors which could potentially represent a diagnostic pitfall in a cancer of unknown primary but also represents a therapeutic opportunity.

Adjuvant chemotherapy included 4 cycles of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel (Taxotere). Optimal treatment of AcCC is the same as that for invasive breast cancer. The prognosis is generally good, with adjuvant therapy after surgery.

While this study did not support the hypothesis that lead-in nivolumab before chemotherapy was associated with a pathological complete response advantage, high pathological complete response rates were reached supporting shorter duration, non-anthracycline regimens in patients with newly diagnosed triple-negative breast cancer. Future trials are warranted to compare this regimen with the current standards of care.

P2, N=220, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025

Among multiple strategies, triple-drug therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality, demonstrating potential efficacy in patients with TPBC. Moving forward, there is a critical need to perform in-depth analyses of specific mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis and metastasis, decipher the complex interactions between different genes or proteins, and identify concrete molecular targets, thus paving the way for the development of tailored therapeutic strategies to combat TPBC effectively.

Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for early-stage primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma, whereas the role of adjuvant treatment remains unclear. Some pathologic features were associated with poorer survival. Owing to the rarity of ovarian leiomyosarcomas, referring patients to expert sarcoma centers is highly recommended.

Low-grade HER2-positive breast carcinomas constitute mostly low-stage, luminal-type, and apparently low-risk tumors, warranting investigation into whether therapy de-escalation could achieve favorable outcomes with less toxicity in this population.

P3, N=1400, Not yet recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | N=3100 --> 1400

Cyclin D1 positivity may show a significant association with better prognostic determinants while claudin-1 negative tumors may tend to be more often triple negative. Thus, IHC can be used in resource-constraint settings to substitute expensive molecular techniques.

Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant, which is found to coexist with other benign sclerosing lesions and can be easily missed and/or misdiagnosed. Their invasive growth pattern, presence of sweat duct-like structures and immunophenotypic profile are key features for appropriate diagnosis.

After NACT, tumor grade and Ki67 showed the highest conversion rates between primary biopsy and tumor residual. Depending on changes in ER, PR, Ki67, and subtype, we found significant differences in the prognosis of the patients.

Integrating molecular subtyping into clinical decision-making will be essential for the development of personalized treatments and improved outcomes for TNBC patients. However, further research is needed to refine classification systems and address existing therapeutic gaps in TNBC management.

This study introduces and validates a novel prognostic nomogram for HR-positive BC, providing enhanced risk stratification, particularly in regions with limited access to comprehensive genetic testing. Further validation through multicenter clinical studies is recommended to confirm its clinical utility.

RU-486, a progesterone receptor antagonist, suppressed progestin induction of both primiR-190 and primiR-199a1...Conclusion Different progestins increase transcriptional expression of both primiR-190 and primiR-199a-1 through progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent mechanisms. Both primiR-190 and primiR-199a1 can potentially be useful as biomarkers for PR-positive breast cancer.

P3, N=340, Active, not recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Dec 2027

P2, N=23, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2025

P1, N=54, Active, not recruiting, Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Aug 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Aug 2025

Importantly, treatment with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine regulated by FOXA2, significantly reduced ectopic lesion formation in Foxa2d/dRosa26mTmG/+ endometriosis mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. This study demonstrates that FOXA2 loss results in an increase in endometriosis incidence and that treatment with LIF offers a novel promising therapeutic approach for endometriosis.

Treatment in the pre-neoadjuvant window with decitabine and pembrolizumab could sensitize breast cancers to standard NCT by recruitment of TILs to the tumor tissue. The treatment was well-tolerated.

Patients with ATM, CHEK2, or PALB2 PVs had similar breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer mortality to the average genetically tested patient with their cancer type.

Participants showed substantial agreement in detecting Ki67 high and Ki67 low cases (kappa 0.65; 95% CI 0.60-0.71 and 0.69; 95% CI 0.64-0.74, respectively). This digital EQA identifies local issues and complements large international EQAs to address challenges in the rapidly changing biomarkers of cancer therapy.

P3, N=532, Recruiting, DualityBio Inc. | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> May 2026

P=N/A, N=2000, Recruiting, University Hospital Augsburg | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jul 2027

High expression of CCN5 and ER was observed in DCIS tissues of patients with advanced BC, with their expression being positively correlated. These findings suggest that CCN5 and ER may have a potential synergistic role in the progression of BC that influences the progression of advanced BC and can also be used to predict the effectiveness of endocrine therapy.

Increasing West African ancestry is associated with increased odds of high and intermediate RS, while increasing East Asian ancestry is associated with lower odds of intermediate RS. These findings require validation but suggest ancestry may represent a biological biomarker and that assays guiding adjuvant therapy may require ancestry-based calibration in HR+/HER2- tumors.

P2, N=50, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025