PGR overexpression

Linear regression analysis showed a direct association of IFN-β levels AS (P = 0.02, r = 0.52) and of TNF-α AS/BS-ratio (P = 0.001, r = 0.72) with TIL-density. It is suggested that although effector immune response is evident in the majority of early stage BCa patients, removal of the primary tumor further unblocks such responses.

Views expressed are those of the authors and not those of the HTA Programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health. Oncotype DX RS and PGR in 4 datasets Distribution of RS according to %cases with high or low PGR

Factors related to tumor aggressiveness and treatment were associated with early recurrence, whereas patient related factors were related to late recurrence. These data may help guide treatment strategies and surveillance approaches for patients with ILC.

The RF model had good performance in predicting PR expression of high-grade meningioma. PR expression evaluation for high-grade meningioma would be helpful in clinical practice.

The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of carboplatin increased in FE25-PRB cells, but that of paclitaxel remained unchanged. If PRA or PRB overexpression is observed in high-grade serous carcinoma, progesterone could be considered as an adjuvant therapy for these specific cancer patients. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects.

In the advanced inoperable or metastatic setting, hormone therapy is an option for low-grade adenosarcomas with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) overexpression. For high-grade tumors, the standard chemotherapies are doxorubicin-based combinations, although an integrated approach of surgery and medical treatment should also be considered in this setting.

The CDKIs that are currently FDA-approved for breast cancer therapy are oral agents that selectively inhibit CDK4 and CDK6, include palbociclib (Ibrance), ribociclib (Kisqali), and abemaciclib (Verzenio). The impact of CDKI on the anti-tumor immune response represents an area of great promise. CDKI therapy resistance that arises provides the opportunity for specific types of new therapies currently in clinical trials.

ER–/PgR+ BCs display a distinct mRNA expression profile characterized by the down-regulation of genes controlled by ESR1 and SUZ12. The latter as a part of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 contributes to chromatin silencing, and some previous studies suggested its role in the regulation of steroid hormone receptors expression. Additionally, ER–/PgR+ BCs overexpress FOXC1 which is linked to more aggressive, high-grade, and treatment-resistant breast cancers.

CONCLUSION Treatment with CDK4/6i plus ET achieved long treatment duration in patients with low expression of cyclin E (OR 3,1 p:0,045), positive progesterone receptor (OR 3,89 p: 0023) and specially in patients with positive progesterone receptor and low expression of cyclin E (OR 7,22 p:0,016 ). Patients with negative progesterone receptor and high expression of cyclin E had a poor prognosis with a median disease-free survival of 6 months (2.8 – 9.2), so these patients required other treatment approaches to improve their outcomes.

We performed one of the largest validation studies so far on ER-/PgR+ breast cancer and confirmed the existence of this subgroup. Moreover, we identified high PgR expression as an adverse prognostic factor.

BRCA-associated early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancers have higher Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® compared to those without mutations. BRCA status did not significantly impact relapse-free survival and overall survival. Larger clinical trials are needed to further assess the findings, and if confirmed, could impact clinical management of BRCA-associated breast cancers.