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DRUG:

Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)

i
Other names: JX-594, Thymidine kinase-deactivated vaccinia virus and GM-CSF, TG 6006, TG6006, GM-CSF recombinant vaccinia virus, RAC VAC GM-CSF, JX594, TG-6006, JX-5940TG6006
Associations
Company:
GC Biopharma, Lee's Pharm, SillaJen, Transgene
Drug class:
GM-CSF agonist, Vascular disrupting agent, EGFR modulator
Associations
3ms
Spatial Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in mRCC Patients Treated with Pexa-Vec (Thymidine Kinase-Deactivated Vaccinia Virus plus GM-CSF) and cemiplimab (REGN2810; Anti-PD-1) (EORTC-NCI-AACR 2024)
AI-powered spatial analysis suggests that combination therapy with Pexa-vec and cemiplimab enhances the immune response, evidenced by increased TIL densities in the tumor microenvironment.Table 1: Changes in TIL Densities from Pre- to Post-TreatmentMeasureCohortPre-Treatment (mm²)(Median, IQR)Post-Treatment (mm²)(Median, IQR)p-value isTILOverall (n = 18)87.53 (179.37-114.65)214.02 (257.50-389.74)0.0040 Arm A (n = 9)41.30 (257.13-81.61)190.17 (830.30-389.34)0.0078 Arm B (n = 9)165.43 (180.52-147.69)390.17 (340.11-387.14)0.1641iTILOverall (n = 18)88.89 (129.08-116.99)161.11 (376.62-321.79)0.0237 Arm A (n = 9)56.42 (125.56-101.70)157.44 (421.03-469.55)0.0273 Arm B (n = 9)96.27 (57.33-132.29)154.92 (194.87-184.03)0.3716sTILOverall (n = 18)100.91 (291.38-193.61)219.37 (370.85-466.27)0.0599 Arm A (n = 9)35.59 (257.13-67.38)140.55 (286.46-157.15)0.0391 Arm B (n = 9)303.37 (171.24-319.84)353.58 (189.15-735.39)0.4961
Clinical • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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Lunit SCOPE IO
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Libtayo (cemiplimab-rwlc) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
9ms
Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with oncolytic viral therapy: a phase 2 trial of intratumoral JX-594 combined with avelumab and low-dose cyclophosphamide. (PubMed, Mol Cancer)
Analysis of sequential tissue biopsies and plasma samples revealed an increase in CD8 density and upregulation of immune-related protein biomarkers, including CXCL10.Intra-tumoral administration of JX-594 in combination with cyclophosphamide and avelumab is safe and capable of modulating the TME in cold STS. However, the limited efficacy observed warrants further research to define the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses, particularly in relation to specific histological subtypes of STS.
P2 data • Journal • Oncolytic virus • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CXCL10 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10)
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Bavencio (avelumab) • cyclophosphamide • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
1year
Trial completion • Combination therapy • Oncolytic virus • Checkpoint inhibition
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
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KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type
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Imfinzi (durvalumab) • Vectibix (panitumumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
1year
Oncolytic virotherapies for pediatric tumors. (PubMed, Expert Opin Biol Ther)
We reviewed seven virus types that have been investigated in past or ongoing pediatric tumor clinical trials: adenovirus (AdV-tk, Celyvir, DNX-2401, VCN-01, Ad-TD-nsIL-12), herpes simplex virus (G207, HSV-1716), vaccinia (JX-594), reovirus (pelareorep), poliovirus (PVSRIPO), measles virus (MV-NIS), and Senecavirus A (SVV-001). However, the antitumor effects of OVT remain variable depending on tumor type and viral agent used. Although the widespread adoption of OVT faces many challenges, we are optimistic that OVT will play an important role alongside standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant pediatric solid tumors in the future.
Review • Journal • Oncolytic virus
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ProstAtak (aglatimagene besadenovec) • Reolysin (pelareorep) • tasadenoturev (DNX-2401) • HSV G207 • MV-NIS • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec) • SVV-001 • Seprehvir (HSV1716) • VCN-01
over1year
Pexa-vec (thymidine kinase-deactivated vaccinia virus plus GM-CSF) in combination with cemiplimab (REGN2810; ANTI-PD-1) for metastatic or unresectable renal cell carcinoma REN026: Results from a phase II study (ESMO 2023)
The most common treatment-related adverse event was pyrexia, with a Grade ≥ 3 of 13.3% in Arm A, 0% in Arm B,0% in Arm C, and 3.6% in Arm D. No Grade 5 events occurred in any of the study arms. Table: 1885P Summary of efficacy results Conclusions The combination immunotherapy of IV PV and cemiplimab demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging efficacy of ORR and survival with durable responses in patients with metastatic or unresectable RCC, regardless of previous ICI treatment.
P2 data • Combination therapy • Metastases
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CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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CSF2 expression
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Libtayo (cemiplimab-rwlc) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over1year
Targeting immunosuppressive adenosine to enhance vaccinia virus renal cancer oncolysis in vivo (AACR 2023)
Vaccinia virus potently induces in vitro oncolysis in RCC cell lines, while also increasing expression of adenosine rate limiting enzymes in vitro and in vivo, which could explain tumor escape to oncolytic VV. MJX-594 combination with A2AR and A2BR inhibition safely and significantly improves renal cancer oncolysis and tumor control in vivo. Our studies uncover a novel, translationally relevant strategy to improve OV efficacy in vivo, in RCC and other cancers.
Preclinical • IO biomarker
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ENTPD1 (Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 1)
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CD73 expression • ENTPD1 expression
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost2years
Phase I/II study of PexaVec in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. (PubMed, J Immunother Cancer)
PexaVec in combination with durvalumab and tremelimumab is safe and tolerable. No unexpected toxicities were observed. The combination of PexaVec/durvalumab/tremelimumab demonstrated potential clinical activity in patients with pMMR mCRC, but further studies are needed to identify the predictive biomarkers.
P1/2 data • Journal • Combination therapy • Checkpoint inhibition • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Metastases
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CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4)
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Imfinzi (durvalumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost2years
Phase 2 trial of intravenous oncolytic virus JX-594 combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced breast cancer. (PubMed, Exp Hematol Oncol)
High throughput analysis of sequential plasma samples revealed an upregulation of protein biomarkers reflecting immune induction such as IFN gamma. Whether the combination of JX-594 with an immune checkpoint inhibitor is associated with meaningful clinical activity is therefore worth to investigate.
P2 data • Journal • Oncolytic virus • IO biomarker
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IFNG (Interferon, gamma) • CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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cyclophosphamide • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
2years
Randomized phase 2 trial of intravenous oncolytic virus JX-594 combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. (PubMed, J Hematol Oncol)
Systemic treatment with JX-594 is safe in patients with advanced STS. Further investigations are needed to improve immune response to oncolytic viruses and define their therapeutic potential in patients with STS.
P2 data • Journal • Oncolytic virus • IO biomarker
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CXCL10 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10)
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cyclophosphamide • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over2years
Neoadjuvant Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Promotes Anti-Cancer Immunity in Patients. (PubMed, Cancer Immunol Res)
Pexa-Vec (Pexastimogene Devacirepvec; JX-594, TG6006) is a principally immunotherapeutic oncolytic virus that has reached late-phase clinical trials...In the two patients with significant and complete tumor necrosis, a reduction in the peripheral T-cell receptor diversity was observed at the time of surgery. These results support the development of pre-surgical oncolytic vaccinia virus-based therapies to stimulate anti-cancer immunity and increase the chances to cure patients with cancer.
Journal • Oncolytic virus
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IFNA1 (Interferon Alpha 1)
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over2years
In vitro cellular and molecular effects of oncolytic vaccinia virus in clear and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (AACR 2022)
In particular, the proteins related to cell cycle (Wee1, Cdc25c, CHK1/2, and Cyclin B1) and Akt signaling (PI3K, mTOR, Rictor and FOXO), MAPK signaling (JAK2, PAK1, FAK and MEK1) were down regulated, while proteins involved in apoptosis and necrosis were upregulated. In summary, our studies show that human and murine renal cancer cells are permissive to infection and replication by JX-594 and mJX-594, which induce potent oncolytic effects in clear and non-clear cell RCC, effects associated with significant modulation of RCC pathways associated with cell cycle, proliferation, and survival and stress responses.
Preclinical • Oncolytic virus
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MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) • VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor) • CHEK1 (Checkpoint kinase 1) • CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2) • CDC25C (Cell Division Cycle 25C) • CCNB1 (Cyclin B1) • GNRP (Ras-Specific Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 1)
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VHL mutation • CSF2 expression
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost3years
A Phase I/II Study of Pexa-Vec Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2021 --> Jun 2023
Trial completion date • Combination therapy • Oncolytic virus • Checkpoint inhibition
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
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KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type
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Imfinzi (durvalumab) • Vectibix (panitumumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost3years
Oncolytic vaccinia virus injected intravenously sensitizes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and metastases to immune checkpoint blockade. (PubMed, Mol Ther Oncolytics)
This study determined the influence of intravenous (i.v.) oncolytic vaccinia virus mpJX-594 (mpJX) on antitumor activity of anti-programmed death receptor-1 antibody (aPD1) in functional and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs)...Reduction of tumor insulin secretion from functional PanNETs prolonged survival, and anti-metastatic actions on aggressive PanNETs reduced the metastatic burden to less than before treatment. The findings support the efficacy of the vaccinia virus with aPD1 for functional and metastatic PanNETs.
Journal • Oncolytic virus • Checkpoint inhibition
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • RIPK1 (Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 1)
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost3years
Systemic Injection of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Suppresses Primary Tumor Growth and Lung Metastasis in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma by Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment. (PubMed, Biomedicines)
Systemic JX-594 monotherapy demonstrated significantly better therapeutic outcomes compared with sunitinib monotherapy in both early- and advanced-stage mRCCs by converting cold tumors into hot tumors. Sunitinib monotherapy effectively suppressed primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in early-stage mRCC.
Journal • Oncolytic virus
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CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
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sunitinib • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over3years
Clinical • New P2 trial
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8)
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost4years
A Phase I/II Study of Pexa-Vec Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2020 --> Sep 2020
Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Oncolytic virus • Checkpoint inhibition • PD(L)-1 Biomarker
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
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Imfinzi (durvalumab) • Vectibix (panitumumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
almost4years
Enrollment change • Combination therapy • Oncolytic virus • Checkpoint inhibition • PD(L)-1 Biomarker
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
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Imfinzi (durvalumab) • Vectibix (panitumumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
4years
Oncolytic vaccinia virus reinvigorates peritoneal immunity and cooperates with immune checkpoint inhibitor to suppress peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. (PubMed, J Immunother Cancer)
Intraperitoneal immunotherapy with JX restores peritoneal anticancer immunity and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade to suppress PC and malignant ascites in colon cancer.
Journal • Checkpoint inhibition
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8)
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
4years
A Study of Metronomic CP and JX-594 in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer and Advanced Soft-tissue Sarcoma (METROmaJX) (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=197, Recruiting, Institut Bergonié | N=118 --> 197 | Trial completion date: Sep 2020 --> Nov 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2018 --> May 2023
Clinical • Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Oncolytic virus • PD(L)-1 Biomarker
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HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
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HER-2 negative
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Bavencio (avelumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec) • cyclophosphamide intravenous
4years
A Phase I/II Study of Pexa-Vec Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=23, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=35 --> 23
Enrollment closed • Enrollment change • Combination therapy • Oncolytic virus • Checkpoint inhibition • PD(L)-1 Biomarker
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
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Imfinzi (durvalumab) • Vectibix (panitumumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over4years
[VIRTUAL] BT-001, an oncolytic vaccinia virus armed with a Treg-depletion-optimized recombinant human anti-CTLA4 antibody and GM-CSF to target the tumor microenvironment (AACR-II 2020)
4-E03 shows improved Treg-depleting activity compared with ipilimumab. BT-001 also encodes GM-CSF, the cytokine expressed in clinically advanced products like T-Vec (Imlygic) or Pexa-Vec...A clinical batch of BT-001 has been produced and toxicological evaluation is ongoing. Transgene and BioInvent are preparing CTA and IND filings for a multicentre clinical trial targeting injectable superficial tumors.
PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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CTLA4 expression
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Yervoy (ipilimumab) • Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) • BT-001 • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over4years
Tumor microenvironment remodeling by intratumoral oncolytic vaccinia virus enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. (PubMed, Clin Cancer Res)
Our results show that intratumoral JX treatment induces dramatic remodeling of TME and more potently suppresses cancer progression with immune checkpoint blockades by overcoming resistance to immunotherapy.
Clinical • Journal • Checkpoint inhibition • PD(L)-1 Biomarker
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec)
over4years
Intratumoral Immunotherapy-Update 2019. (PubMed, Oncologist)
In 2019, a multitude of intratumoral immunotherapies with varied mechanisms of action, including nononcolytic viral therapies such as PV-10 and toll-like receptor 9 agonists and oncolytic viral therapies such as CAVATAK, Pexa-Vec, and HF10, have been extensively evaluated in clinical trials and demonstrated promising antitumor activity with tolerable toxicities in melanoma and other solid tumor types...This review summarizes current knowledge on intratumoral therapies, a novel modality with increased utility in cancer treatment, and T-VEC, the only U.S. FDA-approved oncolytic viral therapy, for medical oncologists. This review evaluates approaches to incorporate T-VEC into daily practice to offer the possibility of response in selected melanoma patients with manageable adverse events as compared with other available immunotherapies.
Review • Journal
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CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) • Cavatak (gebasaxturev) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec) • canerpaturev (TBI-1401)
almost5years
Intratumoral Immunotherapy-Update 2019. (PubMed, Oncologist)
In 2019, a multitude of intratumoral immunotherapies with varied mechanisms of action, including nononcolytic viral therapies such as PV-10 and toll-like receptor 9 agonists and oncolytic viral therapies such as CAVATAK, Pexa-Vec, and HF10, have been extensively evaluated in clinical trials and demonstrated promising antitumor activity with tolerable toxicities in melanoma and other solid tumor types...This review summarizes current knowledge on intratumoral therapies, a novel modality with increased utility in cancer treatment, and T-VEC, the only U.S. FDA-approved oncolytic viral therapy, for medical oncologists. This review evaluates approaches to incorporate T-VEC into daily practice to offer the possibility of response in selected melanoma patients with manageable adverse events as compared with other available immunotherapies.
Review • Journal
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CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)
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Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) • Cavatak (gebasaxturev) • Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec) • canerpaturev (TBI-1401)