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    GENE:

    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)

    i
    Other names: PD-L1, CD274, HPD-L1, PD-L1, B7H1, PDL1, Programmed death ligand 1, B7-H1, B7-H, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDCD1 Ligand 1, B7 homolog 1, CD274 Antigen, Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, CD274 molecule
    2d
    Case report: Partial regression of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with altered azathioprine dosage after long-term use in renal transplant patient. (PubMed, Front Immunol)
    We hypothesize that this reaction was triggered by azathioprine dose reduction. Dose modification of long-term immunosuppressive medications in patients with a transplantation history who later develop SCCs warrants further investigation.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Metastases
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    2d
    Total baseline tumor size predicts survival among patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy plus programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor as first-line therapy: a multicenter retrospective observational study. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    The multivariate analysis indicated that large total BTS was an independent negative predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio: 7.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.89-26.96). Total BTS is a potentially useful prognostic factor for patients with advanced SCLC who receive chemotherapy plus PD-L1 inhibitor as first-line therapy.
    Observational data • Retrospective data • Journal • Metastases
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    2d
    Artificial intelligence-based personalized survival prediction using clinical and radiomics features in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (PubMed, BMC Cancer)
    The proposed AI-based algorithm accurately predicted the survival of each patient with advanced NSCLC. The AI-based methodology will contribute to personalized medicine.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 overexpression
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    Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
    2d
    PD-L1 promotes tumor metastasis by regulating the infiltration of FGFBP2(+)Tm cells in colorectal cancer. (PubMed, Oncogene)
    Furthermore, the result showed that the number of FGFBP2(+) Tm cells in metastases was positively correlated with the number of vessels in liver/lung metastases. In conclusion, we confirmed that the expression of PD-L1 in primary tumor can increase the number of FGFBP2(+) Tm cells in peripheral blood and promote tumor metastasis, which is likely to be caused by the angiogenesis of FGFBP2(+) Tm cells in metastases.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CXCL10 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10) • CXCL9 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9)
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    PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 overexpression
    2d
    Methylation cytometric pretreatment blood immune profiles with tumor mutation burden as prognostic indicators for survival outcomes in head and neck cancer patients on anti-PD-1 therapy. (PubMed, NPJ Precis Oncol)
    Significant interactions between TMB and peripheral immune profiles for both progression-free and overall survival were found. Clinically relevant pretreatment peripheral immune biomarkers were identified, demonstrating the potential of DNA-based immune profiling to predict ICI response before treatment.
    Journal • Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden)
    2d
    Enlonstobart: First Approval. (PubMed, Drugs)
    Phase III clinical evaluation of enlonstobart for use as first-line treatment (in combination with chemotherapy ± bevacizumab) in patients with recurrent or metastatic PD-L1-positive cervical cancer is also underway in China. Additionally, phase II clinical development of enlonstobart (as a part of combination therapy) for use against a range of other solid tumour types is continuing. This article summarises the milestones in the development of enlonstobart leading to this first approval for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.
    Review • Journal
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
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    Avastin (bevacizumab) • Enshuxing (enlonstobart)
    2d
    Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=31, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Completed --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jul 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jul 2025
    Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • carboplatin • paclitaxel
    2d
    Potent Amphiphilic Poly(Amino Acid) Nanoadjuvant Delivers Biomineralized Ovalbumin for Photothermal-Augmented Immunotherapy. (PubMed, ACS Nano)
    OMPP-mediated therapy has been shown to provoke robust immune responses to suppress B16-OVA melanoma and prevent postsurgical tumor recurrence. This work presents a facile strategy for the fabrication of nanovaccines by integrating carrier and adjuvant while exploring the inherent properties to promote antigen release and modulate immunosuppression, which demonstrates great potential for effective cancer immunotherapy.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
    2d
    Comparison of GWAS results between de novo tinnitus and cancer treatment-related tinnitus suggests distinctive roles for genetic risk factors. (PubMed, Sci Rep)
    We did not observe shared genetic risk factors between de novo and cisplatin-induced tinnitus. Our results suggest that genetic risk factors are mainly distinct based on etiology of tinnitus and future efforts to study, prevent or treat tinnitus are expected to benefit from strategies that allow for distinction of cases based on the primary environmental risk factor.
    Journal
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • FOXM1 (Forkhead Box M1)
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    cisplatin
    2d
    FOXA1 enhances antitumor immunity via repressing interferon-induced PD-L1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (PubMed, J Immunother Cancer)
    We demonstrated that FOXA1 prevents tumor immune evasion by inhibiting IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in NPC cells. Our research findings provide new insights into the immunotherapeutic biomarkers and targets for NPC, which is important for the clinical application of programmed cell death protein-1/PD-L1 antibodies in NPC.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • IFNG (Interferon, gamma) • FOXA1 (Forkhead Box A1) • IRF1 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 1) • STAT1 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1)
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    PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 overexpression • IFNG expression • IRF1 expression
    |
    Tecentriq (atezolizumab)
    2d
    PERICLES: Pembrolizumab and Oral Metronomic Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Chest Wall Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=46, Recruiting, European Institute of Oncology | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2023 --> Dec 2024
    Enrollment open • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    HER-2 positive • HR positive
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • cyclophosphamide
    2d
    KATE3: A Study of Trastuzumab Emtansine in Combination with Atezolizumab or Placebo As a Treatment for Participants with Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2)-Positive and Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-Positive Locally Advanced (LABC) or Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=96, Terminated, Hoffmann-La Roche | Completed --> Terminated; Due to low enrollment, the Sponsor decided to prematurely terminate the study
    Trial termination • Combination therapy • Metastases
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    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
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    Tecentriq (atezolizumab) • Perjeta (pertuzumab) • Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine)
    2d
    Machine learning identifies immune-based biomarkers that predict efficacy of anti-angiogenesis-based therapies in advanced lung cancer. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol)
    Integrating pre-treatment circulating inflammatory biomarkers could non-invasively and early forecast clinical outcomes for anti-angiogenic response in lung cancer. The immune-based prognostic model is a promising tool to reflect systemic inflammatory status and predict clinical prognosis for anti-angiogenic treatment in patients with stage III-IV lung cancer.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Machine learning • Metastases
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule) • CD68 (CD68 Molecule) • FOXP3 (Forkhead Box P3)
    2d
    Digital Quantitative Detection for Heterogeneous Protein and mRNA Expression Patterns in Circulating Tumor Cells. (PubMed, Adv Sci (Weinh))
    Dynamic digital tracking of eight HCC patients undergoing different treatments visually illustrated the therapeutic effects, validating this technology's capability to quantify the treatment efficacy. CTC d-SCOUT enhances understanding of tumor biology and HCC management.
    Journal • Circulating tumor cells • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Tumor cell
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • GPC3 (Glypican 3) • EPCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule) • MUC4 (Mucin 4, Cell Surface Associated)
    2d
    The real-world comparison of non-small cell lung cancer survival outcomes depending on immunotherapy treatment and PD-L1 expression level. (PubMed, Neoplasma)
    Our results confirm the positive impact of immunotherapy in real-world conditions and show different effects of PD-L1 expression level on patients' survival depending on sex and histology. Determination of different PD-L1 expression breaking points in males and females with NSCLC is a solid starting point for more research on this topic.
    Clinical • Retrospective data • Journal • Real-world evidence • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Real-world
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
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    PD-L1 expression
    2d
    CheckMate 227: An Investigational Immuno-therapy Trial of Nivolumab, or Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab, or Nivolumab Plus Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy, Compared to Platinum Doublet Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=2748, Completed, Bristol-Myers Squibb | Active, not recruiting --> Completed
    Trial completion • Metastases
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    Opdivo (nivolumab) • cisplatin • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • carboplatin • gemcitabine • paclitaxel • pemetrexed
    2d
    DSN1 may predict poor prognosis of lower-grade glioma patients and be a potential target for immunotherapy. (PubMed, Cancer Biol Ther)
    To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of DSN1 leading to poor prognosis of LGG, which provides a new perspective for revealing the pathogenesis of LGG. DSN1 or its methylation has diagnostic value for the prognosis of glioma, and may become a new biological target of anti-tumor immunotherapy.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    2d
    Prognostic Effectiveness of PD-L1 Tumoral Expression in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (PubMed, Indian J Surg Oncol)
    The presence of ≥ 6% PD-L1 (CD274) tumoral expression was found to be significantly associated with 2-year overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRC), distant metastasis (DM), and various clinicopathological parameters. Tumoral PD-L1 was found as a discrete prognostic biomarker which showed significant association with tumor aggressiveness.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
    2d
    Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulator Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast. (PubMed, Indian J Surg Oncol)
    Our study shows that CTLA-4 is a more important immune checkpoint regulator in breast carcinomas in comparison to PD-L1. Thus, anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy might prove to be of immense help in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma breast showing overexpression of CTLA-4.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • CTLA4 expression • CTLA4 underexpression • IL2 expression • PD-L1 expression + CTLA4 expression
    2d
    Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Immunol)
    Although the incidence of adverse reactions is high, they are generally tolerable. https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202480030.
    Clinical • Retrospective data • Review • Journal • Checkpoint inhibition • Metastases
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4)
    3d
    Application of integrin subunit genes in pancreatic cancer and the construction of a prognosis model. (PubMed, J Gastrointest Oncol)
    Further, the proportions of T cells and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells, and the expression levels of immune checkpoints, such as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) and lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG3), differed significantly between the two risk groups. The eight identified KDE-ITGs in PAAD were used to establish a new prognosis model, which might have clinical application, especially in immunotherapy.
    Journal • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3)
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    CD8 expression
    3d
    Development of a streamlined NGS-based TCGA classification scheme for gastric cancer and its implications for personalized therapy. (PubMed, J Gastrointest Oncol)
    In the Korean cohort, ICIs were most effective in MSI and EBV cases, showing disease control rates of 100%, compared to 62.9% in GS and 12.5% in CIN subtypes. The NGS method successfully maps the mutational landscape of GC, providing a practical TCGA classification surrogate to optimize patient-specific treatment strategies.
    Journal • Next-generation sequencing • Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • CDH1 (Cadherin 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • TP53 mutation • PIK3CA mutation • ARID1A mutation • CDH1 mutation
    3d
    Coordinated translational control of multiple immune checkpoints by the integrated stress response pathway in lung cancer. (PubMed, bioRxiv)
    This study uncovers a novel mechanism for the coordinated translational regulation of the PD- L1/PD1 and CD155/TIGIT immune checkpoint pathways and highlights the ISR as a therapeutic vulnerability for lung cancer. Inhibition of the ISR pathway bolsters PD-1 blockade, potentially unveiling a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer patients.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • TIGIT (T Cell Immunoreceptor With Ig And ITIM Domains 2) • PVR (PVR Cell Adhesion Molecule)
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    PD-L1 expression
    3d
    Anti-PTHrP blockade limits CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in anti-cancer immunotherapy. (PubMed, bioRxiv)
    Overall, our data indicates that anti-PTHrP therapy acts by reducing T-cell exhaustion and by affecting B-cell development. These provide further mechanistic evidence to support the application of anti-PTHrP blockade as an alternate therapeutic approach to boost anti-tumor immunity.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule) • GZMB (Granzyme B)
    3d
    High-throughput, multiplexed quantification, and sorting of single EVs at single-molecule level. (PubMed, bioRxiv)
    We demonstrate the high throughput (∼100k beads / minute) profiling of individual EVs for key immune markers PD-L1, CD155, and the melanoma tumor marker TYRP-1, and showed that BDEVS can precisely quantify and sort EVs, offering unprecedented resolution for analyzing tumor-immune interactions and detecting rare EV subpopulations in complex clinical specimens. We demonstrate BDEVS's potential as a transformative tool for EV-based diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring in the context of cancer immunology by analyzing plasma samples from patients with melanoma, where EV heterogeneity plays a critical role in disease progression and response to therapy.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PVR (PVR Cell Adhesion Molecule)
    3d
    The ascendancy of eosinophil counts in non-small cell lung cancer: a potential marker for predicting response and survival under nivolumab treatment. (PubMed, Am J Cancer Res)
    Combined evaluation of eosinophil count and PD-L1 expression may enhance personalized treatment strategies. Further validation in prospective, randomized studies is necessary.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
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    Opdivo (nivolumab)
    3d
    Immunological biomarkers and predictive model for recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after combined immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (PubMed, Am J Cancer Res)
    Immunological biomarkers, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, serum tumor antibodies, immune checkpoint expression, and HLA expression are associated with ESCC recurrence risk within 3 years of combined immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These biomarkers may help stratify patients and guide management decisions.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Predictive model
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    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3) • CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4) • HAVCR2 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2)
    3d
    Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Between Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor-Induced Hypopituitarism and Idiopathic Hypopituitarism in Japanese Subjects. (PubMed, Cureus)
    However, the pituitary stalk was significantly thickened in ICI-HP compared to the other groups. Pituitary stalk enlargement may be a characteristic MRI finding of ICI-HP.
    Journal • MRI
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    3d
    Immunotherapy in operable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of efficacy between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and perioperative immunotherapy. (PubMed, J Thorac Dis)
    There is no evidence that perioperative immunotherapy is better than neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in EFS. Patients with non-squamous disease, PD-L1 expression more than 50%, or stage III disease can try the neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy mode.
    Retrospective data • Review • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
    3d
    Establishing a new human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, expressing insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and programmed cell death ligand 1. (PubMed, Thorac Cancer)
    We developed a novel new squamous cell lung carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, that expresses IGF1R and PD-L1.
    Preclinical • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) • ERBB3 (V-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3) • PDGFRA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha) • PDGFRB (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta) • FGFR4 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4) • IGF1R (Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) • ERBB4 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) • TP63 (Tumor protein 63)
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    PD-L1 expression • FGFR1 expression • IGF1R expression • FGFR2 expression • FGFR2b expression • FGFR3 expression • TTF1 negative
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    picropodophyllin (AXL1717)
    3d
    Uncovering the predictive and immunomodulatory potential of transient receptor potential melastatin family-related CCNE1 in pan-cancer. (PubMed, Mol Cancer)
    These findings indicate that the TRPM family-particularly CCNE1, which is associated with TRPM-is a significant player in the pan-cancer domain and can be utilized as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarkers, especially in immuno-oncology. The thorough characterization of the TRPM family and the discovery of CCNE1 as a crucial downstream effector mark important developments in our comprehension of pan-cancer biology.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Pan tumor • Immunomodulating
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CCNE1 (Cyclin E1)
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    PD-L1 expression • CCNE1 expression
    3d
    KRas plays a negative role in regulating IDO1 expression. (PubMed, Transl Oncol)
    Treatment with the KRasG12C-specific inhibitor, ARS-1620, significantly increased IDO1 expression, which inversely correlated with PD-L1 expression in the KRasG12C-mutant H358 cell line...Moreover, the induction of IDO1 expression following KRas inhibition appears to operate independently of the MAPK pathway. Our results propose that concurrent targeting of KRas and IDO1 could potentiate therapeutic efficacy in KRas-mutant cancers, overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • IFNG (Interferon, gamma) • IDO1 (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • KRAS G12C • RAS mutation • IDO1 expression • IFNG expression • KRAS G12C + PD-L1 expression • KRAS expression
    |
    ARS-1620
    3d
    Gq/G11 oncogenic mutations promote PD-L1 expression and suppress tumor immunity. (PubMed, Eur J Cell Biol)
    Furthermore, silencing YAP or treating with its inhibitor, Verteporfin, attenuated PD-L1 expression induced by Gq/G11 mutations, thereby enhancing T cell activation and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Collectively, this study reveals a potential role of Gq/G11 mutations on immune evasion of UM, a new mechanism of Gq/11 mutations-induced tumorigenesis, highlighting Gq/G11 and YAP as potential immunotherapeutic targets and suggesting Verteporfin as an adjuvant for immunotherapy of UM patients with GNAQ or GNA11 mutations.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • GNAQ (G Protein Subunit Alpha Q) • GNA11 (G Protein Subunit Alpha 11)
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    PD-L1 expression • GNAQ mutation • GNA11 mutation
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    Visudyne (verteporfin)
    3d
    Current and Future Perspectives of PDL1 PET and SPECT Imaging. (PubMed, Semin Nucl Med)
    This review elaborates currently available PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals targeting PD1-PDL1 axis. It also explores the potential future role of newer targets which are being developed and tested in various preclinical studies.
    Review • Journal
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    3d
    Bioinformatics and experimental verification to explore the potential mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol)
    Kupffer cells also produced decreased IL-6 and IL-18 level and upregulated IL-10 level after co-culture with MDSCs. This study provides insights into the potential targets and mechanisms of Rg3 in HCC and lays a foundation for personalized treatment strategies.
    Journal
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • IL6 (Interleukin 6) • IL10 (Interleukin 10) • IL18 (Interleukin 18) • CD86 (CD86 Molecule)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
    3d
    PD-L1 (22C3) expression and prognostic implications in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed, Ann Diagn Pathol)
    Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) clone 22C3 is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic test for pembrolizumab for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)...We performed a comprehensive study to investigate the expression profile of PD-L1 clone 22C3 in the US patients with ESCC. Our analysis showed that PD-L1 (22C3) expression decreased in treated specimens, and a CPS of ≥25 was associated with a favorable prognosis.
    Journal • IO Companion diagnostic • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • PD(L)-1 companion diagnostic
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 negative
    |
    PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
    3d
    TOPLINE: Neoadjuvant Toripalimab for Clinically Stage II-IIIB Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Mutation and PD-L1 Positive Expression (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=29, Recruiting, Ruijin Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
    Enrollment open • IO biomarker
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    Loqtorzi (toripalimab-tpzi)
    3d
    A Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=880, Not yet recruiting, AstraZeneca
    New P3 trial • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • carboplatin • albumin-bound paclitaxel • rilvegostomig (AZD2936)
    3d
    Combination of Tislelizumab and Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer (EC-CRT-002) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=114, Active, not recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Nov 2025
    Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Tumor mutational burden • IO biomarker • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8)
    |
    PD-L1 expression
    |
    cisplatin • paclitaxel • Tevimbra (tislelizumab-jsgr)
    3d
    ILUSTRO: A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) in Adults With Gastric Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=143, Active, not recruiting, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
    Enrollment closed • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • CLDN18 (Claudin 18)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • HER-2 negative • CLDN18.2 expression • CLDN18.2 positive
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • Opdivo (nivolumab) • docetaxel • 5-fluorouracil • oxaliplatin • leucovorin calcium • Vyloy (zolbetuximab-clzb)
    4d
    Nuclear PD-L1 compartmentalization suppresses tumorigenesis and overcomes immunocheckpoint therapy resistance in mice via histone macroH2A1. (PubMed, J Clin Invest)
    Importantly, LA treatment synergized with PD-1 antibody and overcame immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance, which likely resulted from nPD-L1-increased MHC-I expression and sensitivity of tumor cells to interferon-γ. These findings offer a conceptual advance for PD-L1 function and suggest LA as a promising therapeutic option for overcoming ICB resistance.
    Preclinical • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • IFNG (Interferon, gamma)
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    PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 deletion
    4d
    Clinical effectiveness and safety of Camrelizumab immunotherapy in treating advanced esophageal carcinoma. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res)
    Camrelizumab immunotherapy is highly effective in treating aEC. It can increase the one-year survival rate, and elevate the levels of immunoglobulins and immune molecules while reducing the levels of tumor markers and incidence of side effects.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Metastases
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • MUC16 (Mucin 16, Cell Surface Associated) • CA 19-9 (Cancer antigen 19-9)
    |
    AiRuiKa (camrelizumab) • albumin-bound paclitaxel