PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)

Moreover, this "Breast HERV19" expression signature was associated with better prognosis in HR+HER2- eBC, in which its expression was also correlated with biomarkers of sensitivity to anti PD-1 immunotherapy, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), PD-L1, and estrogen receptor (ER) expression levels. In eBC, our "Breast HERV19" expression signature makes it possible to isolate a subgroup of HR+HER2- tumors presenting strong immunogenicity, better prognosis, and biological characteristics that suggest a possible benefit from immunotherapy.

PD-1/PD-L1 combined with LAG-3 inhibitors demonstrates higher response rates, but the survival outcomes remain unclear. Further, patients with NPC, Chinese population, and individuals aged < 60 years may potentially benefit from the combination therapy.

Despite pembrolizumab discontinuation, both patients maintained durable systemic disease control. These cases emphasize the importance of recognizing uncommon radiological patterns such as the atoll sign in patients receiving ICIs, highlighting the need for vigilance even after prolonged therapy and underscoring the potential for sustained oncologic benefit despite treatment discontinuation.

PD-L1 expression is frequently observed in AM with BRAFV600E mutation, whereas no significant correlation is identified between PD-L1 and the clinicopathological parameters associated with AM. Within the limitation of relatively short follow-up duration, high CD8+T cell infiltration was indicated to be potentially correlated with favorable DFS in AM patients, which needs further verification in cohorts with longer follow-up.

An integrated immune-inflammatory phenotype combining stromal TILs and SII was independently associated with postoperative recurrence risk in cervical cancer and corresponded to distinct tissue immune states. This phenotype may provide a practical framework for recurrence risk stratification, while LASSO-Cox and RSF offer complementary prognostic perspectives.

In this review, we synthesize current evidence on how immune-tumor cell LR axes drive metabolic adaptation and therapeutic resistance across cancers, discuss the technologies enabling their dissection, and highlight their translational potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Understanding these communication systems may provide new opportunities to disrupt resistant tumor ecosystems and improve the durability of cancer therapy.

In vivo, TMEM160 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, reduced TMEM160-positive and VEGFA-positive proportions, increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) positivity, and decreased p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratios in tumor tissues. These findings supported that TMEM160 might affect VEGFA-associated PI3K/AKT signaling to promote malignant phenotypes in HCC, suggesting TMEM160 as a candidate molecular target for further investigation.

NT5E accelerates disease progression by promoting malignant biological behaviors in colorectal cancer and synergistically shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment with PD-L1. Its overexpression constitutes an independent adverse prognostic factor. This discovery offers novel insights for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination immunotherapy.

Hypoxia upregulated the MSC-AS1/ITGA5 axis and increased VEGFA/PD-L1 expression, along with changes in the migrasome-related protein TSPAN4, suggesting a potential association with migrasome-related molecular features, which requires direct experimental validation. Collectively, our findings establish a novel MRL-based signature for prognostic prediction in HNSCC and highlight the hypoxia-responsive MSC-AS1/ITGA5 axis as a promising target for combinatorial therapeutic strategies.

In summary, PCIF1 activated USP5/BRD4 axis to promote MM cell survival and immune escape, suggesting that targeting PCIF1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for MM.

Consistent with these findings, transcriptomic analyses in PMBCL cohorts linked PDCD1LG2 expression to B-cell identity and signaling modules, whereas CD274 expression aligned with interferon-responsive immune programs. Together, these results support a model in which PD-L1 and PD-L2 associate with distinct immune and lineage-associated states in PMBCL and provide a framework for exploring biologically informed stratification strategies in this disease.

After three cycles of neoadjuvant carboplatin, pemetrexed, and pembrolizumab, computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a significant response. Incorporating a POLE evaluation could improve the integrated decision-making process for patients with NSCLC in the perioperative setting. Prospective studies are warranted to validate this observation.