PD-L1 expression + CTLA4 expression

Our study shows that CTLA-4 is a more important immune checkpoint regulator in breast carcinomas in comparison to PD-L1. Thus, anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy might prove to be of immense help in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma breast showing overexpression of CTLA-4.

Therefore, interference with specific immune cells in innate immunity can regulate the expression of CTLA4 and/or PD-L1 to a certain extent, inhibit tumor immune escape, and delay the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.

This analysis highlights the homogenous molecular and immune profile of eGB and PXA, suggesting the possibility that histologically and molecularly, these two entities represent 2 ends of a continuous spectrum with PXAG3 lying in between. Higher upregulation of PDL1, CTLA-4, and increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in these tumors as compared with GB, IDH wt suggests potential candidature for immunotherapy.

HOXC8 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and specific TME subtypes in CRC. This study provided valuable resource for further exploring the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of HOX genes in CRC.

Furthermore, IL2 expression was positively correlated with PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 expression. Our results indicate that down-regulation of IL2 predicts poor prognosis and is associated with immune escape in LUAD, and IL2 could serve as a potential novel prognostic biomarker of LUAD.

Intravesical BCG combination treatment seems to effectively prevent BC development in an immunecompetent clinically relevant animal model, introducing Thalidomide, Nitazoxanide, and specially Rapamycin as candidates in the intravesical immunotherapy advancement. Our study contributes in understanding the mechanism of cancer immunotherapy.

Anti-CD47 showed potent anti-tumor activity and synergized with PARPi in OC models. These data support clinical development of anti-CD47 therapy with PARPi in OC.

Thus, the tumor suppressive function of aging-like DNA hypomethylation is severely impaired in hDNAmad+ tumors, likely due to enhanced expression of DNMT3A/3B and dysregulated aging regulators. Our findings not only enrich biological knowledge of EC pathogenesis but also help improve EC risk stratification and precision ICI immunotherapy.

we found that nifuroxazide can inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and enhance antitumour immunity. Thus, nifuroxazide is an effective drug for the treatment of glioblastoma and has great potential for clinical application.

These data support the concept that among most carcinoma entities at least some individual patients may benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

ARGs play an important role in TME diversity and complexity in HCC patients. The ARG score of HCC predicts TME invasion and can guide immunotherapy.

This study highlights the immunological differences between primary BCs and BCBMs and the potential importance of ARG2 expression in T-cell depletion and clinical outcome.

In conclusion, this is the first extensive research on the correlation between PTPN family expression and immune characterization in BrCa. As results, PTPN7 expression is associated with immuno-hot tumors and could be a promising predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in not only BrCa but multiple cancers.

BLEACH&STAIN facilitates deep profiling of 18 bio-markers in more than 40 different carcinoma entities and revealed complex changes in the spatial orchestration of a wide range of immune cell subsets that were driven by the expression profile and composition of TIM3, PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4.

By multivariate Cox regression analysis, PD-L1+ TILs immunoreactivity score (p = 0.020) and CTLA-4+ TILs H. score (p = 0.036) were independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival among the other prognostic factors. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression by tumour cells could cooperate with each other in enhancing progression of CRC leading to poor patient outcome, while their expression by TILs could stand against tumour progression.

METHODS Single-center, first-in-human, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial (NCT04642937) utilizing a 3 + 3 design initiated accrual in 12/2020 at dose level-1; CD200AR-L 3.75micrograms/kg/dose administered on days 1 and 2 by intradermal injection after topical imiquimod...RESULTS Between 12/2020 to 3/2021, 6 patients were enrolled on dose level-1; aged 37-65 years, 4 men, all with KPS >/= 80, and 3 patients on daily dexamethasone (4mg (n=2), 2mg (n=1))...IrICE symptoms were temporarily mitigated with ‘bevacizumab rescue protocol.’ No patients had local injection site reactions...CONCLUSION Initial dosing of CD200AR-L was well tolerated with early positive signal of immunological effect. Enrollment continues, now at dose level-2; CD200AR-L at 5micrograms/kg/dose.

Additionally, we found that PDL1 and CTLA4 expression were significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, and resting NK cells displayed a significant increase in the high-risk group. In summary, the hypoxia risk signature created in our study might predict prognosis and evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment for ACC.

Our results demonstrate that, while some patients may benefit from PD-L1 based immunotherapy, for others, especially the non-respondents, CTLA-4 targeting may be promising. Therefore, as soon as CTLA-4 blockers are approved for bladder cancer, both markers should be tested.

Our results suggest OCCC from women of Asian and Caucasian descent share significant clinical and molecular similarities. To our knowledge, our study is the first study to include both Asian and Caucasian women with OCCC and helps shine light on the impact of ethnic differences on the immune microenvironment of OCCC.

Moreover, these data further suggest that homologous recombination repair deficiency may predispose tumors to a favourable milieu amenable to immunotherapies requiring T cell-inflammation. Understanding mediators of T cell-inflammation, both at cellular and genomic resolutions, may lead to improved predictors of response to current and novel immunotherapies and in turn improved patient outcomes for patients suffering from these diseases.