Oligodendroglioma

In conclusion, SOX10 negativity effectively excludes low-grade glioneuronal tumors/low-grade gliomas with oligodendrocyte-like features (except PLNTY) and non-neoplastic oligodendrocyte hyperplasia from oligodendrogliomas. SOX10 serves as a specific diagnostic marker, enhancing pathological diagnostic accuracy.

Across glioma subtypes, OCAv3 enabled integrated classification in most cases, particularly in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma, by simultaneously assessing SVs and CNVs. Implementation in the prospective clinical cohort reduced required FISH studies by 90%, significantly shortened turnaround times, and decreased molecular testing costs.

Our results indicate that oral STF treatment is associated with improvements in social behavior, myelination, and gut microbial composition in offspring with perinatal injury, underscoring the need for future studies to elucidate the potential causal relationships among these outcomes.

P2, N=120, Active, not recruiting, NRG Oncology | Trial completion date: Jun 2027 --> Jul 2026

P1/2, N=33, Recruiting, Mayo Clinic | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=58, Active, not recruiting, University Health Network, Toronto | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Sep 2026

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is an important biomarker because it is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity and increased sensitivity to alkylating agents, particularly temozolomide (TMZ)...Because MGMT methylation is biologically continuous, this review further argues that borderline results should be reported as gray-zone or intermediate categories when validated, and that quantitative methylation values should be integrated into subtype-aware multivariable models rather than being reduced exclusively to binary calls. This review summarizes the biological and clinical relevance of MGMT promoter methylation across glioma subtypes and proposes a subtype-aware, treatment-conditional, and assay-aware framework for interpreting its predictive and survival-related significance.

This case underscores that metachronous collision tumors can arise without radiotherapy, necessitating histopathological and molecular integration for accurate diagnosis. Long-term vigilance is critical for detecting sequential tumors, and shared microenvironments or genetic pathways may underlie tumorigenesis. Comprehensive profiling aids in clarifying pathogenesis and guiding management. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE26149.

Overall, these data describe subtype-specific patterns of m6A marking and isoform architecture across glioma tissues, derived from computational inference using direct RNA sequencing in a modestly sized cohort and warrant validation by orthogonal methods in larger studies. These findings are consistent with concurrent independent evidence that isoform-specific m6A deposition is evolutionarily conserved across mammals and that long-read isoform resolution reveals transcript diversity in glioma not captured by gene-level analysis. While cohort size and the absence of orthogonal site-level validation suggest that the data require cautious interpretation, this work provides a hypothesis-generating resource and methodological framework for future mechanistic and translational investigation of the glioma epitranscriptome.

P1/2, N=30, Recruiting, Aveta Biomics, Inc. | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

Compared to supratentorial tumors, non-R132H IDH1 mutations are significantly more frequent in infratentorial tumors. IDH2-mutant gliomas almost exclusively occur in adults and in supratentorial locations, with a significantly higher proportion in oligodendrogliomas than astrocytoma.

P1, N=24, Not yet recruiting, Megan Mantica