ODN2395

Transgenic pigs (oncopigs) with liver tumors received intra-arterial infusions of fluorescently labeled ODN2395 or nelitolimod either via PEDD with a specialized infusion device or with conventional microcatheter delivery in both lobar and selective infusions. PEDD of nelitolimod significantly reduced immunosuppressive MDSCs and an increase in cytotoxic CD8 + T cells within the LM. In conclusion, use of PEDD enhanced targeted therapeutic delivery in swine liver tumors and reduced tumor progression by promoting anti-tumor immunity in murine LM in association with suppressive myeloid cell elimination.

Further, PBMC-derived human MDSCs express TLR9, and treatment with class C TLR9 agonists (ODN2395 and SD101) reduced the expansion of MDSC population. Regional TLR9 agonist infusion along with systemic anti-PD-1 therapy improved control of LM. With effective delivery, TLR9 agonists have the potential to favorably reprogram the liver TME through reduction of MDSCs and favorable macrophage polarization, which may improve responsiveness to systemic CPI therapy.