NSUN5 (NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase 5)

Both HCC tissues and cell models consistently demonstrated elevated NSNU5 mRNA and protein expression. Genetic inhibition of the m5c methyltransferase NSUN5 suppresses HCC cell growth, reduces invasiveness and migration, and induces apoptosis.

Additionally, NSUN5 expression may serve as a stratification marker for patient classification and treatment response prediction, supporting precision oncology. Future research should focus on genome-wide target identification, integration of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and mechanism-driven drug development to advance the clinical translation of NSUN5-targeted interventions.

Five potential diagnostic biomarkers for AS-MCL1, F13A1, RGS2, TLR8, and TAGAP-were identified. In addition, the m5C regulator NSUN3 plays a critical role in macrophage function, providing experimental evidence that may support the diagnosis and treatment of AS.

High NSUN5 expression is closely associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

In summary, our study indicates that the selected NSUN5 rs1880948 A>G polymorphisms may not be associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and additional potentially functional polymorphisms are needed to validate these results.

NSUN2 is the most studied NSUN family gene, which exhibits cancer promoting effects in various cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer. This review provides an overview of the roles of NSUN family genes in methylation, diagnostic value, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other diseases.

Our study revealed the potential roles of these m5C-related regulators in TIME and identified their prognosis value and therapeutic potential for HCC patients.

LRCH4 and GNS are suggested to be potential novel therapeutic targets, as LRCH4 upregulation links to inhibition of the mTOR/PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing proliferation, while GNS downregulation suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. Overall, proteomics-based preliminary findings suggest that EP + met modulate TNBC pathways, identifying potential biomarkers and providing a foundation for future validation.

Conversely, the m6A writer METTL14 was downregulated. Our findings highlight key mRMPs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, underscoring the role of RNA modifications in breast cancer progression.

This study highlights the complex interplay between DNA methylation, the DDR mechanism, cytosolic DNA sensing, and glioma immunity. These findings may inspire novel strategies for DNA sensing-based immunotherapy.

In the present study, self-extracellular RNA was obtained from dying (RNA D) and senescent (RNA S) cellular models of osteosarcoma (OS), characterized by NGS, and tested against proliferating and non-proliferating (etoposide-indued senescent) OS cells (U-2 OS, SaOS-2, MG-63, 143B)...TRDMT1 KO also resulted in replication stress in OS cells that was potentiated by RNA D and RNA S stimulation and associated with elevated levels of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G, members of the cytidine deaminase protein family. In conclusion, we showed that TRDMT1 KO restricted STING-based immune and cell death response to RNA D and RNA S in non-proliferating drug resistant OS cells that might have potential therapeutic implications.

Silencing of NSUN5 decelerates LIHC progression by inhibiting glycolysis mediated by EFNA3 with m5C modification, highlighting the potential of NSUN5 as a therapeutic target for LIHC.