This case study highlights that the presence of pNETs should be considered in patients with MEN-1 and multiple abnormal hormone levels. Timely surgical management of the involved glands and postoperative complications can effectively improve prognosis.
TACE-STZ provided a higher ORR than TAE, although yielded longer PFS only in patients with panNET. Low tumor expression of APNG might help select the best candidates for TACE-STZ, although this result was only exploratory.
The predominant presentation with non-specific abdominal pain significantly amplifies diagnostic complexity in such cases. This underscores the necessity for heightened clinical vigilance for NENs when evaluating atypical presentations.
This study establishes AFP elevation, mixed histology, and delayed chemotherapy as critical determinants of poor prognosis in GB-NEC. Our findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive surgical resection, and timely initiation of platinum-based adjuvant therapy.
Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for paragangliomas in patients with suggestive symptoms, regardless of blood pressure status. A multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up are vital, particularly for extra-adrenal tumors, with consideration of genetic counselling in all cases.
The model was further implemented into an online platform, enabling clinical deployment. This noninvasive preoperative approach provides a robust imaging biomarker for identifying and evaluating PitNET aggressiveness and may support individualized treatment strategies.