MYOD1 (Myogenic Differentiation 1)

A double-J ureteral stent was placed, and systemic therapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) was initiated. This case highlights a brisk response of disseminated intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma to VAC chemotherapy and supports comprehensive staging and response-adapted multidisciplinary management. The complete case-level extraction and full citations are provided in the Supplementary material.

Paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy was commenced with dose modifications for hepatotoxicity, complicated by infusion reactions, mild neuropathy, and mucositis. This case underlines the extreme morphological and molecular heterogeneity of hepatic carcinosarcomas, the rapid progression despite surgery, and the limited systemic treatment options available for such rare tumours.

IHC and molecular analyses are crucial for an accurate diagnosis, particularly in tumors with heterologous elements that may mimic other sarcomas or germ cell tumors. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management optimize local control and surveillance planning.

Given their indolent course after local excision alone, the noncommitted term EP300::VGLL3-fused rhabdomyoblastic tumor might be more appropriate for these tumors than the original RMS terminology to avoid overprognostication/overtreatment that the "rhabdomyosarcoma" label would imply. Reporting more cases is mandatory to elucidate the full anatomic and biological spectrum of this morphologically, anatomically, and genetically unique entity.

ASK in children is a rare DICER1-related tumor, with distinct histologic features and biological behavior. The differential diagnosis includes anaplastic Wilms tumor, clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, etc. Integration of clinical manifestations, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies may be required to render correct diagnosis.

The patient succumbed to the disease 4 months after surgery. RMS with FUS-TFCP2 fusion is rare, highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis.

Suitably, this case report provides valuable insight into the management of similar cases in cats. Key clinical message: This first reported case of digital RMS in a cat highlights the importance of studying the clinical presentation and treatment of RMS in feline patients.

Contrast-enhanced CT/MRI revealed a mass with marked heterogeneous enhancement and an enhancing pseudocapsule, while pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis through immunohistochemical markers (MyoD1 (+), Myogenin (+), Desmin (+)). This case highlights the aggressive nature of ARMS and the importance of characteristic imaging findings.

He was treated with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide, followed by cabozantinib and pembrolizumab, and finally pembrolizumab and concurrent radiation therapy to the targetable lesions. He had a continual, rapid progression of disease and expired 2 months following radiation. This case is notable because it presents a rare example of an aggressive, TFCP2::FUS gene fusion-positive RMS presenting with multiple cutaneous metastases, and highlights that this entity is highly resistant to multiple chemotherapies, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Perturbagen analysis nominated signature-reversing compounds across sexes, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, Aurora kinase inhibitors, microtubule-targeting agents such as vindesine, and multi-kinase inhibitors targeting VEGFR, PDGFR, FLT3, PI3K, and MTOR. Glioma grade comparisons reveal a shared neuronal-synaptic program accompanied by sex-specific transcriptional remodeling. These findings support sex-aware therapeutic strategies that pair modulation of neuron-glioma coupling with chromatin- or receptor tyrosine kinase/angiogenic-targeted agents, and they nominate biomarkers such as GLI1, MYOD1, GCGR, PRLHR, and HIST1H2BH for near-term validation.

Adult MEM is a biphenotypic sarcoma composed of rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroectodermal tissues. Morphological and immunohistochemical interpretation is crucial for diagnosis. treatment approaches and prognosis are correlated with the completeness of tumor resection and the differentiation degree of both components.

Pediatric STS are rare and biologically heterogeneous. Genomic advances have refined risk stratification and uncovered therapeutic targets; further progress relies on international collaboration and trials.