Multiple Myeloma

P4, N=295, Recruiting, Janssen Research & Development, LLC | Trial completion date: Jan 2038 --> Jun 2042

P2, N=510, Recruiting, Janssen Research & Development, LLC | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Jun 2027

P2, N=140, Active, not recruiting, PETHEMA Foundation | Not yet recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

IGFBP-7 level was strongly correlated with levels of previously identified aging-related proteins, but after adjustment for these proteins, remained associated with risk of bladder cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, all-cause mortality, liver-related mortality, and diabetes. Our findings indicate IGFBP-7 as a novel biomarker of mortality and disease risk.

Finally, we demonstrate the ability of Mezigdomide to enhance survival outcomes from anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy in vivo. Overall, our data show that Mezigdomide treatment improves anti-myeloma T cell therapy efficacy and reduces T cell dysfunction by abrogating Ikaros-mediated upregulation of exhaustion genes.

P1, N=166, Active, not recruiting, Janssen Research & Development, LLC | Trial completion date: Apr 2027 --> Oct 2027

P1, N=25, Recruiting, David Avigan | Initiation date: Jul 2026 --> Jan 2026 | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

In patients with higher GAS5 expression disease progression occurred earlier compared to patients with lower expression. To establish GAS5 as a robust biomarker in MM, future studies should focus on larger patient cohorts to validate its expression within the bone marrow niche and its specific association with high-risk 'double-hit' cytogenetic aberrations and glucocorticoid resistance.

This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by the coexistence of marked eosinophilia and NSMM, which obscured the underlying plasma-cell malignancy despite repeatedly negative monoclonal protein studies. We also reviewed the limited literature on MM-associated eosinophilia to underscore the importance of integrating bone marrow findings, imaging, and cytogenetic evaluation in atypical cases.

By enabling non-invasive, longitudinal MRD monitoring with superior lead times, MS integration facilitates a shift from reactive to proactive intervention. Standardization of bioinformatics pipelines and MS methodologies is now the final barrier to implementing MS-guided treatment adjustments in routine clinical practice.

This consensus provides a practical framework for integrating MRD assessment into MM clinical management. Dynamic, MRD-guided treatment strategies may enable more precise risk stratification and personalized therapy, ultimately improving long-term patient outcomes.

Two patients presented interference in FCM analysis, supporting the penetration of daratumumab into the CSF...Flow-cytometry panels need to be optimized for plasma-cell detection, especially among patients treated with anti-CD38 antibodies. Identifying patients at risk remains crucial, but prognostic biomarkers such as IL-6 still require validation.