MSR1 (Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1)

Combinatorial nanobody-based CAR-M and CAR-NK therapy reprograms the TME and establishes a CXCL9-driven feed-forward loop between macrophages and NK cells, leading to synergistic innate immune activation and potent tumor control. This strategy provides a mechanistically grounded and translationally feasible framework for next-generation CAR-based immunotherapies targeting MSLN-expressing solid tumors.

Additionally, β-1,3-glucan modulates galectin-mediated cell activation and apoptosis. Our findings not only expand the receptor repertoire of β-1,3-glucans and deepen our understanding of their immunomodulatory mechanisms, but they also indicate that galectins are promising therapeutic targets for regulating β-1,3-glucan-mediated immune responses, such as in anti-fungal therapy and cancer immunotherapy.

The patient underwent surgical excision via enterectomy, followed by adjuvant lomustine chemotherapy, achieving complete remission. Despite transient chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, the cat remains alive and disease-free 2 years after diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of combining imaging, histopathology, and IHC when diagnosing feline intestinal masses.

Moreover, based on infiltration level, low densities of CD3+ T cell infiltration were significantly associated with longer overall survival times. Likewise, low densities of CD8+ T cells were linked with significantly longer progression-free intervals.

In PWTs, B-cells correlated with IBA-1 and inversely correlated with CD204. These findings suggest the presence of a TIME favoring anti-tumor immunity in PWTs and a pro-tumoral TIME in myxosarcomas, reinforcing the concept that canine STS histotypes elicit distinct immune responses.

Within the SOC group, high CD206+ infiltrate (p = 0.006) and lower body weight (p = 0.029) were associated with better outcome in the univariate analysis while high CD206+ infiltrate (p = 0.003) and female sex (p = 0.044) were associated with a longer survival in the multivariate analysis. This observation underscores the role of M2-like macrophages in OS and strengthens the relevance of cOS as a model for hOS in the immunological field.

ENE represents a pathological prognostic factor characterized by abundant fibrous stroma. It independently predicts distant metastasis and may warrant consideration as a qualitative parameter in N classification for lung adenocarcinoma.

Gene expression profiling demonstrated similarities between canine STS and human undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, with MYC dysregulation emerging as a poor prognostic indicator for dogs. The comparative analysis between the human and canine STS microenvironment offers a valuable insight into the clinical behavior and immune landscape of canine STS, underscoring its potential as a relevant preclinical model for the translation and development of future immunotherapies.

Specifically, stromal CD20+ TIIC density was independently associated with prolonged DFS(HR=4.74, 95% CI(1.673-13.434), P=0.003) and OS (HR=5.086, 95% CI(1.391-18.594), P=0.014), whereas elevated CD204+ TIIC infiltration correlated with reduced DFS(HR=0.154, 95% CI(0.043-0.547), P=0.004) and OS(HR=0.169, 95% CI(0.056-0.607), P=0.002). These findings suggest that targeting M2 macrophage-driven immunosuppression may enhance therapeutic efficacy in TETs.

Moreover, macrophages were more numerous in high-grade tumors across both M1 and M2 phenotypes. Although none of the markers were predictive of recurrence on Cox models (P > .05), based on the significant association between M2 CD163-positive macrophages and high-grade tumors, and their shorter post-surgery recurrence-free times, the results suggest that M2 macrophages might play a role in the behavior and prognosis of feline meningiomas.

Stable to storage and nebulization, TA-nanoARC was cytotoxic on A549 cells after 48 h, with an IC50 expressed as [bacterioruberin] of 0.15 μg/mL (~0.20 µM), comparable to or lower than the IC50 of docetaxel or cisplatin. This suggested the internalization of the highly viscous and ordered TA-nanoARC rich in NAs and subsequent lysosomal dysfunction (and not its antioxidant activity), as responsible for the selective damage on A549 cells. These are the first results showing that nebulized TA-nanoARC, lethal to A549 cells and modulating mTHP-1 cell phenotype, may act as antitumorals in the absence of cytotoxic drugs.

Our findings provide novel insights into the cell type-specific role of microglial MSR1 in AD, DLB, and PDD, linking its increased phagocytic capacity to myelin defects as a common feature of neurodegenerative dementias.