MSI (Microsatellite instability)

Furthermore, therapeutic vulnerabilities were explored by integrating drug sensitivity prediction, AI-assisted cMAP screening, and molecular docking validation, which identified Epothilone B as a promising agent targeting HBEGF. Overall, this research shows that understanding the heterogeneity of CAFs with AI-enabled multi-omics modeling can reveal prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for overcoming resistance, with the ultimate goal of improving precision oncology for HNSCC.

Individual patient data (IPD) from the KEYNOTE-177 and CheckMate-8HW trials were collected with IPDfromKM and used to develop a Markov model with a 30-year duration and three mutually exclusive health states, providing a framework for the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of first-line nivolumab together with ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy for treating MSI-H/dMMR advanced CRC. In addition, the established model is stable. First-line immunotherapeutic treatments for MSI-H/dMMR advanced CRC cases in the USA appears to be cost-effective, with a dual-immunotherapeutic regimen consisting of nivolumab plus ipilimumab being preferable.

MSI-like GES does not identify a population with higher sensitivity to immune checkpoint plus angiogenesis inhibition. However, responses are promising in patients with MSI tumors and, to a lesser extent, in patients without liver metastasis regardless of MSI status.

In particular, genes such as DPM1, BAD, and FKBP4 emerged as important pan-cancer biomarkers, with DPM1 consistently significant across tasks. This study presents a robust approach for feature selection in cancer genomics by integrating scRNA-seq data and advanced analysis techniques, offering a promising avenue for improving predictive accuracy in cancer research.

ECT2 is identified as a potential pan-cancer prognostic biomarker with dual roles in tumor initiation and progression, as well as in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Our findings suggest that ECT2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy, warranting further investigation into its immune-regulatory and oncogenic functions.

Considering the prognostic implications of DLAT in tumors and its correlations with immune indicators, it is plausible to regard DLAT as both a prognosis feature for certain malignancies and an evaluative metric for immunotherapy efficacy. The findings suggest that DLAT could be a potential therapeutic target and serve as a biomarker for predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment strategies in various cancers, with its prognostic and immunological implications likely to be context-dependent across different tumor types.

The FOX regimen based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OX), a standard therapy for CRC, paradoxically induces both detrimental upregulation of CD47 and beneficial microsatellite instability (MSI). Notably, these effects are achieved at half the FOX dosage with minimal systemic toxicity. This study highlights the potential of nano-immunotherapeutic drugs that function as chemotherapeutic feedback modulators, offering a promising avenue for heterogeneous and immunotherapy-resistant MSS-CRC.

Among them, TRIB2 was distinguished by its SE recurrence, tumour overexpression, prognostic value and JQ-1 suppression. The SEFG signature facilitates simultaneous prediction of prognosis and assessment of the immune microenvironment, providing a potential tool for colon cancer management.

shows a cCR rate of 100% that allowed sparing chemoradiation and surgery to all included patients. Here, we present three clinical cases of patients with dMMR and MSI-H LARC treated with neoadjuvant dostarlimab at three Italian institutions with radiological evidence of disease progression while on treatment and discuss potential similarities among them to understand when and how this apparently rare event may occur.

TIMP1 may also be involved in pathways associated with genes upregulated by reactive oxygen species, tumor inflammation and in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Overall, the results indicate that TIMP1 is associated with prognosis, tumor immunity and several pathways in CRC, potentially offering novel theoretical insights for the treatment of CRC.

The safety profile was well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03852823.

We report promising downstaging and pCR/cCR rate of ICI for initially-unresectable MMRd CRC. ICI-first can permit curative resection, with risk of local complication from significant treatment response. Larger, multi-centre studies are needed to validate these findings.