MIR99A (MicroRNA 99a)

Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that miR-16-5p and other miRNAs with seed AGCAGCA formed the largest interaction network in GBM, while disease enrichment analysis using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) confirmed that the 1000 predicted mRNA targets of DE-miRNAs in GBM were disease relevant. Collectively, these findings identify a robust panel of CSF-derived miRNAs capable of distinguishing IDH-mutant gliomas, GBM, and non-tumor states, supporting the potential of EV-miRNAs as minimally invasive biomarkers for the molecular characterization of diffuse gliomas.

The reduced tumorigenic behavior of glioblastoma cells due to HOXA10-AS knockdown can be rescued by ITGB5 overexpression or miR-99a-3p inhibitor. These results indicate that HOXA10-AS promotes tumorigenic behavior in glioblastoma cells by regulating the EMT-like process and functioning as an miR-99a-3p sponge to modulate ITGB5 levels, providing insights into glioblastoma development and potential therapeutic targets.

Increased miR-100 levels in CBF-AML (with the t(8;21) subtype included) were associated with poor overall survival (OS); notably, within CBF-AML, the t(8;21) subtype AML patients showed the same trend, where higher miR-99a and miR-100 expression correlated with adverse OS. These findings suggest that regulated expression of miR-99a and miR-100 is common in AML and that their expression correlates with prognosis in CBF-AML.

Exosomes hold great promise for integration into diagnostic and therapeutic workflows for HPV-related cancers. Future research should focus on resolving standardization issues, validating biomarkers in diverse cohorts, and optimizing engineered exosome platforms for targeted therapy.

Mechanistically, miR-99a-5p promotes B cell maturation via class-switch recombination. These findings underscore B cells' impact on melanoma immunotherapy, offering insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting B cell-related pathways.

These findings indicate that a panel comprising miR-99a-5p, miR-516a-5p, and miR-526b-5p, alone or with established tumor markers, offers high accuracy as a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for CCA, and can effectively distinguish it from HCC.

Clinically, EV-miR-99a levels in the plasma correlated with the metastatic status of CRC patients. Together, these findings highlight the metastasis-promoting function of an inflammatory fibroblast niche induced by cancer cell-derived EVs and provide potential targets for the prediction and management of CRC metastasis.

MiRNAs may potentially serve as clinical biomarkers in the prediction of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with rectal cancer.

Furthermore, a nomogram integrating the miRNA-based model with Milan criteria (MC) was developed and exhibited a high predictive accuracy (AUC =0.926, P<0.001) and clinical applicability, which was remarkably better than that of MC (AUC =0.629, P<0.001). This model may contribute to the reasonable selection of LT candidates in HCC patients and the personalized postoperative management.

Nanoflow cytometry-based analysis of EV surface markers combined with miRNA profiling provides a novel, non-invasive alternative to PSA measurements. This approach could improve risk stratification and decision-making for AS patients, potentially leading to better outcomes.

FOXO1 suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by enhancing the transcription and expression of miR-99a-5p, while inhibiting its target gene E2F7. E2F7, in turn, represses the transcription of FOXO1, lowering its expression.

In conclusion, we have validated and patented a 7-miRNAs urine profile able to diagnose and stratify BC patients; BladdermiRaCan will enable the global use of our model. The experimentally verified target proteins identified for these miRNAs may unravel novel therapeutic targets.