MIR26A1 (MicroRNA 26a-1)

Several EMT-related miRNAs show consistent associations with invasion, metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, prognosis, and chemoresistance, and many are detectable in circulation. Overall, EMT-related miRNAs orchestrate gastric cancer cell plasticity and tumor-microenvironment crosstalk and represent promising biomarker and therapeutic candidates that warrant validation in prospective, subtype-stratified, and translational studies.

miR-330-5p was shown to affect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells by mediating ITGA5 through a mechanism possibly associated with the regulation of the FAK/AKT signaling pathway.

Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that miR-16-5p and other miRNAs with seed AGCAGCA formed the largest interaction network in GBM, while disease enrichment analysis using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) confirmed that the 1000 predicted mRNA targets of DE-miRNAs in GBM were disease relevant. Collectively, these findings identify a robust panel of CSF-derived miRNAs capable of distinguishing IDH-mutant gliomas, GBM, and non-tumor states, supporting the potential of EV-miRNAs as minimally invasive biomarkers for the molecular characterization of diffuse gliomas.

circDENND4C mediated HSPA8 expression by competitively adsorbing miR-26a-5p. circDENND4C absorbs miR-26a-5p to target HSPA8, thereby promoting BC progression, which provides a new insight into the mechanism of BC.

Pathway enrichment linked these deregulated miRNAs to key oncogenic networks, particularly PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and EMT regulation, demonstrating conserved molecular mechanisms shared with human BC and highlighting their potential as biomarkers in CMTs. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of CMT adenocarcinoma and suggest the potential of miRNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CMTs.

Paradoxically, exosomes also mediate treatment resistance through intercellular transfer of resistant phenotypes, particularly in imatinib-resistant CML and chemoresistant AML, revealing both challenges and therapeutic targets. Clinical translation faces significant hurdles, including standardization of isolation protocols, optimization of cargo loading, scalable manufacturing, and regulatory framework development. The convergence of enhanced biological understanding, technological innovation, and evolving regulatory landscapes positions exosome-based strategies to revolutionize leukemia management through precision diagnostics and targeted therapies with reduced systemic toxicity.

Further, epigenetic regulation of CKS2 via downregulated microRNAs-miR-26a-5p and miR-101-3p, and their tumor-suppressive effects in meningioma were elucidated. In summary, we identify the CKS2/miR-26a/miR-101 axis as a key regulatory axis in advanced grade meningiomas with therapeutic potential and highlight CKS2 as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Of the ten putative diagnostic biomarkers, extracellular vesicle-associated miR-21-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-139 and miR-219a-5p are the most promising as their expression in extracellular vesicle preparations appears to reflect that in endometrial tissue. However, there are significant concerns regarding study quality, limited adherence to consensus recommendations on extracellular vesicle research and lack of evidence supporting biomarkers being encapsulated within extracellular vesicles.

The diagnostic model achieved an AUC of 0.956, a sensitivity of 94%, and a specificity of 93% in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.985, a sensitivity of 86%, and a specificity of 97% in the validation cohort. Our findings demonstrates that plasma sEV miRNA exhibits a highly discriminative biomarker for distinguishing NCs group from early malignant lesions, making it a promising tool for auxiliary detection of early-stage LC.

Moreover, miR-26a-5p, a microRNA previously identified as a suppressor in breast cancer, was demonstrated to regulate HOXC13. Our study implies that HOXC13 is a potential therapy target for BRCA immunotherapy and 11-gene signature is a potential tool for clinical evaluation of anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy efficacy.

Comparative expression analysis on tumor and matched normal tissues from surgically treated NSCLC patients confirmed their differential expression in clinical samples. In summary, we identified a signature of six miRNAs that are suppressed in NSCLC and may serve as a predictor of cisplatin response in NSCLC.

There is a significant association between the presence of F. nucleatum and miR-21; a relationship has been reported in colorectal cancer and is now observed in OSCC, and the expression of miR-31 was significantly correlated with P. gingivalis. Further research is needed to explore the prevalence and potential mechanisms of pathobionts and miRNA expression in OSCC.