MIR221 (MicroRNA 221)

Using this probe to analyze miR-21 and miR-221 in lung cancer cells, we found that both miRNAs were significantly upregulated in lung cancer cell line A549 compared to human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293T, and only miR-21 was upregulated in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. By optimizing experimental conditions, the optimal reaction conditions were determined as 1 nM S1/S2, 10 nM C1/C2, and 200 μM dNTPs for co-centration, 60 min for initial amplification, 6 h for T4 DNA polymerase, and 120 min for phi29 DNA polymerase.

From a therapeutic point of view, miR-199a-3p replacement synergized with palbociclib and overcame sorafenib resistance. This review highlights the importance of the TG221 transgenic mouse as a powerful model for studying miRNA-driven hepatocarcinogenesis and enables preclinical evaluation of RNA-based chemopreventive and therapeutic approaches. Metformin, miRNA inhibition, miRNA replacement and miRNA-guided viral therapies emerge as promising approaches for advancing precision prevention and treatment strategies in HCC.

Our study identifies miR-221-3p as the most promising miRNA for the diagnosis of lung cancer in Kashmiri population. These findings contribute to the growing knowledge of lung cancer biomarkers and may facilitate early detection and improved clinical management in the Kashmiri population.

The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of considering the identified genomic and epigenomic features when choosing surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy, thereby increasing the chances for long-term remission. Additionally, it emphasizes the standardization of analytical methods and the development of a unified system for evaluating the combined genetic alterations, which could enhance the quality of prognostic stratification and more effectively tailor treatment strategies.

In vivo experiment of subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice verified that miRNA-221/222 promoted tumor growth by targeting PHACTR4. In conclusion, miRNA-221/222 played the role of proto-oncogene in the occurrence and development of pituitary tumors by targeting PHACTR4, which provided a new target for the diagnosis and molecular treatment of pituitary adenomas.

Furthermore, to enhance reliability in complex biological environments, an artificial neural network algorithm was implemented, achieving a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.985. The DFMN sensor holds broad application prospects in interdisciplinary fields such as human-machine interaction, smart healthcare, and artificial intelligence, providing an innovative solution for real-time sensitive detection of wearable flexible sensors.

The dual-response activation design effectively reduces false positive signals, thereby enhancing the detection and imaging accuracy. This method provides a novel design concept for utilizing split-DNA activation of the CRISPR/Cas system for nucleic acid detection and cell imaging.

HF serum promoted the proliferation of HT-29 cells, which was reversed by miR-221/222-3p inhibitors. miR-221/222-3p may be an important link between HF and cancer, as they are upregulated in HF and thus promote cancer.

These findings suggest that circulating miRNAs may play a significant role in distinguishing breast cancer patients based on tumor grade, with superior diagnostic performance over some tumor biomarkers, supporting the development of multi-analyte liquid biopsy approaches in the diagnostic process and personalized management of breast cancer patients.

Combined miRNA profiling highlights miR-222 and, to a lesser extent miR-155, as consistent indicators of myeloid disease transformation. While further validation in larger and genetically stratified cohorts is warranted, these findings support the potential contribution of miRNA signatures to diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification in MDS and AML, in line with precision hematology approaches.

The remaining limitations are inter-study method variation, poor inter-center validation, and unclear regulatory mechanisms of these miRNAs. An effective roadmap will focus on balanced collection and processing, preset thresholds with external calibration and commutable references, and blind prospective trials integrated into clinical practice with decision curve and health-economic analyses to speed up translation.

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that high expression of hsa-miR-15a (p=0.023) and hsa-miR-221 (p=0.048) significantly correlated with poorer overall survival, suggesting their potential prognostic values. Dysregulated expression of cell-cycle-related miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-15a and hsa-miR-221, may contribute to CESC progression and serve as potential prognostic biomarkers.