MIR22 (MicroRNA 22)

Notable differences in miRNA expression profiles were revealed for the patients with brain metastases from lung cancer, suggesting the role of the selected miRNAs in cancer metastasis to the CNS. However, while our analysis provides exploratory insights, the findings should be interpreted with caution and require validation in larger, independent cohorts before any clinical or translational implications can be established.

Pathway and immune profiling analyses demonstrated convergence of canonical immune signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT and PI3K-Akt, with neuronal communication modules, accompanied by enhanced innate immune signatures. Although limited by reliance on public datasets and small sample size, these findings delineate a systems-level neuroimmune regulatory program in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and provide a scalable, network-based multi-omics framework for investigating immune-mediated neurological and autoimmune disorders and for guiding future experimental validation.

Through expression profiling, correlation assessment and survival evaluation, we identified that the FGD5-AS1/miR-22-3p axis was the most potent upstream non-coding RNA regulatory pathway for CD47 in HCC. Our findings systematically characterise the CD47-SIRPα axis as a negative prognostic indicator and an immunotherapeutic target in HCC.

Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome represents a key player in cancer development, and its regulation by miRNAs highlights its importance and clinical potential. This review summarizes mechanistic and clinical knowledge on the biology of NLRP3, highlights its dual role in cancer hallmarks, and discusses the therapeutic promise of targeting the NLRP3-miRNA axis in the management of oral cancer.

In summary, the miR-22-Gal-1 axis can be an HCC prognostic biomarker, and it has vital roles in regulating metabolism and tumor immunity.

These results suggest that miR-22 acts as a tumor suppressor in GBM and CD133+ GSCs. Therefore, miR-22 represents a potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cell-based glioblastoma treatment.

In particular, strategies that restore or inhibit miRNA activity using mimics or antagomiRs show promise in improving drug sensitivity and complementing current treatment options. Overall, emerging evidence supports the integration of miRNA profiling into precision oncology for SCLC, with the aim of refining diagnosis, risk assessment and therapeutic decision-making.

Given the small sample size (n = 10), these findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating, warranting validation in larger cohorts. Nevertheless, findings support household testing, remediation at ≥100 Bq/m3, and integrated exposure studies considering PM2.5 co-exposures.

Collectively, these regulatory molecules shape the oncogenic landscape of NRG1-rearranged NSCLC and influence therapeutic outcomes. Dysregulated ncRNAs thus hold promise as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning, with therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring tumor-suppressive ncRNAs or inhibiting oncogenic ones offering a potential avenue to overcome resistance in this subset of patients.

By integrating the latest advancements in basic and clinical research, this article presents a solid theoretical framework for early diagnosis, risk assessment, biomarker development, and precision therapies. It also highlights promising therapeutic targets, including PPARα agonists, mTOR inhibitors, FGF21 analogs, and microbiota interventions, while proposing future directions in multi-omics and personalized treatment strategies.

Specifically, we highlight the modulatory roles of miRNA in cancer cell survival and proliferation (miR-28, miR-30b/c), invasion and metastasis (miR-218, miR-182), neoangiogenesis (miR-29c), metabolic reprogramming (miR-124), and therapy resistance (miR-378, miR-328, miR-1244). The broad implications of miRNAs in lung cancer underline their potential real-world utility, as these entities can function as biomarkers for prognosis/diagnosis and even future therapeutic targets or agents.

Through interactions with miRNAs and signaling pathways, these ncRNAs not only influence prognosis but also represent novel therapeutic targets. Integrating multiomics approaches and developing ncRNA-based biomarker panels are essential for advancing precision medicine in GC.