MIR200 (MicroRNA 200)

Furthermore, multiple oncogenic signaling cascades, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, NF-κB, MEK-ERK, JAK/STAT3, and HIF-1α, converge on ZEB1 to amplify its transcriptional and epigenetic activity, positioning ZEB1 as a nodal integrator of extracellular cues and epigenetic reprogramming in CRC metastasis. This review integrates three interconnected regulatory layers, i.e., (1) ZEB1's direct epigenetic control of target gene expression via histone modification and DNA methylation, (2) post-transcriptional regulation of ZEB1 itself by ncRNAs (miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs) that create feedback circuits modulating layer 1, and (3) upstream modulation of ZEB1 transcriptional activity by oncogenic signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, NF-κB, MEK-ERK, JAK/STAT3, and HIF-1α) to provide a comprehensive picture of ZEB1 in CRC metastasis and its therapeutic implications.

Large-scale prospective validation studies are on the horizon to facilitate this implementation. All in all, international consortia and multi-center trials are required to test circulating miRNA biomarkers in real-world settings, ensuring they are feasible enough to guide routine oncological decision-making.

Exosomal miR-200 overcomes the limitations of traditional diagnosis and is expected to become a biomarker and therapeutic target for gastrointestinal tumors. The miR-200 family had the strongest diagnostic evidence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.97, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 88%) and gastric cancer (AUC = 0.75, sensitivity = 74%, specificity = 66%). These data highlight its translational potential as a clinically relevant biomarker for early and non-invasive gastrointestinal cancer detection. Validation in large cohorts and the development of targeted therapies will be essential to improve patient outcomes.

Emerging strategies offering potential solutions include engineered exosomes and localized implantable systems. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of miRNA-mediated organotropism, facilitated by advanced technologies, will be crucial for the future development of precision therapies to combat TNBC metastasis.

On the other hand, p53 protein can modulate several miRNAs expression, as miR-146a, miR-192, and the miR-200 family, by acting as a transcription factor or by modulating miRNA processing, interfering with BC aggressiveness and progression. Understanding the role of p53 and miRNAs in BC may aid in identifying new biomarkers and developing new targeted therapies for patient treatment.

This review examines the molecular mechanisms of EMT-induced drug resistance in TNBC and highlights new advances in the development of microRNA- based molecular therapy. Lastly, possible ways to overcome these shortcomings are also discussed.

Fundamental molecular processes underlying bladder cancer pathogenesis include cell cycle control, signal transduction, and genomic stability. These findings provide insight into the molecular regulatory landscape of MIBC and highlight potential targets for diagnostic and prognostic applications.

Furthermore, members of the miR‑200 family have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and are closely linked to chemotherapy resistance. The present review aims to provide novel insights and a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis, treatment, and deeper investigation of BC by comprehensively examining the functional mechanisms of the miR‑200.

This study identifies distinct miRNA signatures associated with GBC initiation and progression, offering insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, functional studies of the miRNAs implicated in EMT and EGFR-TKI resistance may be conducted using GBC cell lines to dissect the precise roles of key miRNAs and explore their potential as novel therapeutic targets in GBC.

Several EMT-related miRNAs show consistent associations with invasion, metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, prognosis, and chemoresistance, and many are detectable in circulation. Overall, EMT-related miRNAs orchestrate gastric cancer cell plasticity and tumor-microenvironment crosstalk and represent promising biomarker and therapeutic candidates that warrant validation in prospective, subtype-stratified, and translational studies.

Different miRNA families, particularly miR-200 and miR-30, have the potential to act as key biomarkers for ovarian cancer prognosis. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024579585, identifier CRD42024579585.

The coordinated inhibition of the SOX9-dependent lipogenic program and the potent restriction of cell cycle progression, both mediated by miR-200s, collectively blocks SG specification. Taken together, this work reveals an unexpected specificity of miR-200 in restricting epithelial plasticity and elucidates a spatially defined SOX9 regulatory network essential for SG development.