MIR191 (MicroRNA 191)

Mechanistically, miR-191 modulates fundamental cancer pathways by interacting with crucial gene targets, and recent discoveries highlight its involvement in intricate regulatory networks mediated by long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. This review consolidates two decades of research progress on miR-191, providing an updated molecular and clinical perspective, and underscores its promise as both a biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer.

The system achieves an attomolar LOD (∼10-17 mol/L), a linear dynamic range spanning five orders of magnitude, and >99% correct identification across spectrally encoded channels. These results establish an AI-enabled nanophotonic biosensing platform that is sensitive, specific, robust, and scalable for multiplexed miRNA analysis in research and clinically relevant matrices.

The overexpression of miR-139-3p in BC cells enhanced cisplatin, olaparib, and irradiation (IR) sensitivity. The diagnostic model based on the four circulating miRNAs could serve as a tool for the liquid biopsy of BC. Targeting the miR-139-3p/RPA2 axis may have potential in modulating the DNA damage pathway in BC.

The approach combines high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, quantitative precision, and spatial resolution, allowing amplification-free monitoring of miRNA expression in live cells. This versatile platform provides a powerful tool for intracellular biosensing, with potential applications in live-cell diagnostics, therapeutic response profiling, and studies of single-cell gene regulation.

The gradual increase in specific miRNAs with lesion severity and HPV infection suggests their role in cervical carcinogenesis. The identified miRNAs may serve as promising non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of HPV-associated cervical lesions.

Inhibition of exosomal miR-191 attenuated CRC progression by inducing ferroptosis in macrophages. This study revealed a novel mechanism by which exosomal miR-191 modulates the tumor microenvironment.

Pathway enrichment linked these deregulated miRNAs to key oncogenic networks, particularly PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and EMT regulation, demonstrating conserved molecular mechanisms shared with human BC and highlighting their potential as biomarkers in CMTs. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of CMT adenocarcinoma and suggest the potential of miRNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CMTs.

Circulating miRNA signatures represent promising non-invasive biomarkers for early PM detection and prognostic stratification, particularly in epithelioid cases. Incorporation of these biomarkers into clinical workflows could pave the way for more personalized treatment strategies and optimize patient selection for surgery.

These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MFB-ICSS as a non-pharmacological intervention in AD. Furthermore, this study confirms NRF2 as a target of miR-495 in the context of AD.

Here, we observed an interaction between lncRNA ADIRF-AS1and hsa-miR-191-5p, and also, ADIRFAS1 downstream effects on EGR1 in EC, that seems may be a suggesting therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Further research could explore its clinical relevance in endometrial carcinoma.