MIR15B (MicroRNA 15b)

A panel of four serum miRNAs (hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, and hsa-miR-218-5p) exhibits high specificity and sensitivity. It shows potential as an efficient, non-invasive, and cost-effective biomarker for BC screening.

A prognostic nomogram integrating miR-15b-5p, BTG2 and clinical parameters demonstrated robust predictive accuracy (C-index: 0.78). The miR-15b-5p/BTG2 axis represents a novel regulatory mechanism in ESCA progression with significant potential as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Progesterone and adiponectin receptor 3 (PAQR3) is a Golgi-localized seven-transmembrane protein that anchors rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase (Raf) and suppresses rat sarcoma/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK) signaling, thereby influencing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis...These effects are modulated by upstream regulators, including microRNA-543 (miR-543), circular RNA 0043280/microRNA-203a-3p (circ_0043280/miR-203a-3p), microRNA-15b (miR-15b), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), and damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2). In conclusion, PAQR3 functions as a tumor suppressor and holds potential as a prognostic biomarker. Targeting PAQR3-related pathways may provide new therapeutic opportunities.

These findings support urinary miRNAs as promising, minimally invasive biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis and postoperative monitoring.

Shikonin induces apoptosis in renal cancer cells by modulating the MAPK/ERK pathway and through cell-line-specific, cell-type-dependent regulation of miR-15b, miR-99b, and miR-181a. These findings highlight the importance of cell-type-dependent miRNA regulation and underscore the therapeutic potential of shikonin in ccRCC.

DHA exerts its anti-NSCLC effects through direct inhibition of these targets (particularly high-affinity binding to CDK1) and modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, including T-cell memory, cytotoxic function, myeloid-mediated remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell subsets. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for developing DHA as a therapeutic agent or adjuvant for NSCLC, especially in combination with immunotherapy.

Plasma-EV-based liquid biopsies offer significant potential for GBM monitoring, with advanced enrichment methods improving tumor-specific biomarker detection. Standardizing isolation protocols and validating biomarkers in larger cohorts are critical for clinical translation.

The area under the miRNAs curve for differential expression of lymphocytes in Kazakh hypertensive patients, where miR-423-5p, area under the curve (AUC): 0.696 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.533-0.859); MiR-320a-3p, AUC: 0.764 (95% CI: 0.609-0.919). The expression of miR-92a-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-320a-3p in T lymphocytes of Kazakh hypertensive patients is downregulated, with good diagnostic reference value (P < .05).

FAM171A2 demonstrates context-dependent expressions that are modulated post-transcriptionally in gynecologic cancers. While it is not independently prognostic, it may serve as a molecular hub at the intersection of neuronal and immune pathways, warranting further mechanistic investigations and exploration as a panel-based biomarker.

Serum expression levels of these miRNAs are positively correlated with their matched tissue expression levels (p < 0.001). Diagnostic biomarker potential was identified for miR-203a-3p, miR-7-5p, and miR-15b-5p in CRC.

Collectively, these insights identify IL-17 as a double-edged orchestrator whose context-dependent functions could be harnessed to surmount ICI resistance. Rationally designed, function-selective modulation of the IL-17 axis may unlock durable anti-tumour immunity for a wider spectrum of patients.

These data demonstrate remarkable stability of miRNAs over time, which should withstand variability in handling and processing that can occur with routine clinical lab draws. Considering the large diversity of miRNAs, this analyte class should be thoroughly investigated as a non-invasive biomarker of diverse disease states.