MIR146B (MicroRNA 146b)

This strategy yields sevenfold higher sensitivity for R + 2 while maintaining specificity at 10-50 nM. Compared to existing electrochemical biosensors, which struggle to or do not test targets with extra nts at either 5' or 3', the 5S-4WJ sensor enables precise isomiR detection, advancing nucleic acid diagnostics.

The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of considering the identified genomic and epigenomic features when choosing surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy, thereby increasing the chances for long-term remission. Additionally, it emphasizes the standardization of analytical methods and the development of a unified system for evaluating the combined genetic alterations, which could enhance the quality of prognostic stratification and more effectively tailor treatment strategies.

ROC curve analysis showed that both miRNAs demonstrated good diagnostic efficacy for pneumoconiosis, with AUC values of 0.9563 and 0.8876, respectively. These results provide novel insights into the complex ceRNA regulatory network involved in silicosis pathogenesis and suggest potential early, non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers.

The remaining limitations are inter-study method variation, poor inter-center validation, and unclear regulatory mechanisms of these miRNAs. An effective roadmap will focus on balanced collection and processing, preset thresholds with external calibration and commutable references, and blind prospective trials integrated into clinical practice with decision curve and health-economic analyses to speed up translation.

miR-146b-5p drives PCa progression through the targeted downregulation of FOXO3, implicating it as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target.

The PNPLA3 p.I148M genotype was not associated with altered levels of microRNAs. Serum microRNAs, in particular miR-4651, may serve as additional biomarkers in patients with steatotic liver disease.

Therefore, those miRNAs have the potential to serve as early and sensitive biomarkers for TAA-induced cholangiocarcinoma. Notably, no previous study has demonstrated the role of miR-146-5p on cancer development.

This study has established the circ-0000258/miR-146b/p53 regulatory axis as a crucial mechanism underlying tumor suppression in PTC. It has also demonstrated the translational potential of hUCMSC-EVs as a safe and efficient delivery vehicle. By integrating the functional role of circ-0000258 with the targeted delivery advantages of engineered EVs, this research not only provides a novel strategy for the targeted treatment of thyroid cancer but also offers a theoretical basis and technical paradigm for the development of novel anti-tumor biological agents. It is anticipated to advance the field of precision oncology to a new level.

A model combining four miRNAs (miR-6085, miR-146b-5p, miR-221, and miR-222) demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, suggesting that it could be a useful tool for differentiating FC from FA.

Adding the estimation of plasma miRNA-222 and 146b levels to the actual ultrasound features and to FNAC Bethesda classification, raised AUC of ROC of the mentioned tools for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. These findings suggest a potential role for miRNA-222 and miRNA-146b in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules and may provide a valuable diagnostic addition to the current routine workup.

Circulating plasma exosomal miR-146b-5p modulates microglial polarization and neuroinflammation via the TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway following ICH, providing neuroprotective benefits. These findings may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.

However, despite growing evidence, to date, no studies have directly explored miRNA profiles in driving immunotherapeutic decisions. Our findings highlight the need for prospective studies to translate these molecular insights into personalized treatment strategies.