MIR1246 (MicroRNA 1246)

miR-223-3p, both alone and in combination with miR-1290 and miR-1246, demonstrated optimal performance in distinguishing HRR from SIRR patients (AUC = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.84; AUC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.84, respectively). These preliminary findings indicate that miR-223-3p, whether used independently or in conjunction with miR-1246 and miR-1290, may serve as promising non-invasive MRD biomarkers in pediatric ALL. Further validation in larger patient cohorts is necessary to corroborate these results.

Overall, this integrative profiling reveals that not all miRNAs altered in serum from prostate cancer patients originate from prostate tissue, underscoring the value of comparative tissue/serum analyses. miR-550a, miR-1246, miR-4754, and miR-4326 emerge as promising biomarkers warranting further longitudinal evaluation.

These findings suggest that circulating miRNAs may play a significant role in distinguishing breast cancer patients based on tumor grade, with superior diagnostic performance over some tumor biomarkers, supporting the development of multi-analyte liquid biopsy approaches in the diagnostic process and personalized management of breast cancer patients.

Moreover, by applying machine learning algorithms to analyze the EV-associated proteins and miRNAs profiling, the platform demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 98.3% in distinguishing healthy donors from early-stage GC patients, and 99% in differentiating early-stage from advanced-stage GC patients in a clinical gastric cancer cohort. Therefore, the proposed platform offers a promising strategy for multiplexed detection of EV biomarkers and precise discrimination of GC.

Findings do not support clinical implementation at this stage. Priorities include harmonised EV workflows, prespecified thresholds, and prospective, multi-centre validation.

Our findings emphasize the intricate transcriptomic profiles in oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia development, laying the groundwork for future studies to enhance clinical management and patient outcomes in oral oncology. Syndecan 3 gene polymorphisms may represent a key point in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia differential diagnosis and prognostic prediction.

The proposed prognostic model offers a practical tool for individualized risk assessment post-ESD. However, the clinical application warrants further validation in large-scale, multi-center prospective studies with long-term follow-up.

Additionally, the external validation datasets showed an AUC exceeding 95%, confirming the robustness and reliability of our findings. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis revealed the involvement of several miRNA-mediated pathways in the pathogenesis of CRC.

Emerging microbiota-based therapies, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in modulating gut flora and potentially reversing ncRNA dysregulation; however, their mechanistic effects on the F. nucleatum-ncRNA axis require further investigation. This review underscores the critical role of F. nucleatum-regulated ncRNAs in CRC and presents new opportunities for biomarker discovery and targeted therapeutics.

However, despite their promise, miRNA testing remains costly, technically complex, and not yet standardized for routine clinical use. Therefore, further validation in larger, independent cohorts is essential to confirm the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the miRNAs identified in this study.

The classifier was validated in two independent sets of patients. It has been proved that the integration of three kinds of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could more accurately identify early staged lung cancer among indeterminate GGNs.

Furthermore, the conditioned medium from PATZ1-knockout mesenchymal embryonic fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts with silenced PATZ1 similarly enhanced the migratory potential of MCF10A cells, further supporting the critical role of PATZ1 in regulating tumor-promoting mechanisms. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the TME in TNBC, highlighting combo-miRs and PATZ1 as promising targets for future therapeutic interventions.