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BIOMARKER:

MERTK expression

i
Other names: MERTK, MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase, C-Mer Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine Kinase, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase MerTK, Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Mer, Proto-Oncogene C-Mer, MER, MER Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, STK Kinase, Tyro12, C-Eyk, C-Mer, RP38
Entrez ID:
3d
Disturbed flow impairs MerTK-mediated efferocytosis in aortic endothelial cells during atherosclerosis. (PubMed, Theranostics)
Interestingly, MerTK-/-induces obvious abnormal endothelial thickening accompanied with decreased endothelial efferocytosis, promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Our data suggests that blood flow patterns play an important role in regulating MerTK-mediated efferocytosis in aortic ECs, revealing a new promising therapeutic strategy with EC efferocytosis restoration to against atherosclerosis.
Journal
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4) • IL1B (Interleukin 1, beta) • VCAM1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1)
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MERTK expression
19d
CD276-dependent efferocytosis by tumor-associated macrophages promotes immune evasion in bladder cancer. (PubMed, Nat Commun)
Proving the principle, we show that simultaneous blockade of CD276 and PD-1 restrain tumor growth better than any of the components as a single intervention. Taken together, our study supports a role for CD276 in efferocytosis by TAMs, which is potentially targetable for combination immune therapy.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • CD276 (CD276 Molecule) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • HLA-DRB1 (Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Beta 1) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
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MERTK expression • CD276 expression
24d
Targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase MerTK shows therapeutic value in gastric adenocarcinoma. (PubMed, Cancer Med)
Our findings demonstrate the potential value of MerTK as a prognostic biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma. Targeting MerTK may become a new treatment option, especially for patients with advanced tumors, and may overcome resistance to established chemotherapies.
Journal
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
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5-fluorouracil • UNC2025
2ms
Inhibition of MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase by an antisense oligonucleotide enhances treatment efficacy of immunoradiotherapy. (PubMed, J Exp Clin Cancer Res)
The MerTK ASO can significantly downregulate the expression of MerTK on TAMs, thereby promoting antitumor immune response. The combination of MerTK ASO with immunoradiotherapy can safely and significantly slow tumor growth and improve survival.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • GZMB (Granzyme B)
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MERTK expression
2ms
Preclinical • Journal
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
|
cyclophosphamide
2ms
Disruption of MerTK increases the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor by enhancing ferroptosis and immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed, Cell Rep Med)
Sitravatinib, an inhibitor of MerTK, sensitizes resistant HCC to anti-PD-L1 therapy by promoting tumor ferroptosis and decreasing MDSC infiltration into the TME. In conclusion, we find that MerTK could serve as a predictive biomarker for patient stratification and as a promising target to overcome anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance in HCC.
Journal • Checkpoint inhibition • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • SLC7A11 (Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11)
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MERTK expression
|
sitravatinib (MGCD516)
2ms
Big data analytics for MerTK genomics reveals its double-edged sword functions in human diseases. (PubMed, Redox Biol)
Our big data analytics suggest that MerTK may be a promising therapeutic target, but how it should be modulated depends on the disease types and sex differences. For example, MerTK inhibition emerges as a new strategy for cancer therapy due to it counteracts effect on anti-tumor immunity, while MerTK restoration represents a promising treatment for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction as MerTK is cleaved in these disease conditions.
Journal
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
4ms
RNA-based modulation of macrophage-mediated efferocytosis potentiates antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer. (PubMed, J Control Release)
siMerTK delivery combined with PD-1 blockade further produces enhanced antimetastatic efficacy with reactivated intratumoral immune milieu. Collectively, LNP-based siMerTK delivery combined with immune checkpoint therapy may present a feasible modality for metastatic colorectal cancer therapy.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
5ms
Targeting Myeloid Epithelial Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK) Receptor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using a Novel Antibody Drug Conjugate, Rgx-019-MMAE (ASH 2023)
Finally, we investigated the synergistic effect of RGX-019-MMAE with Venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) or 5-Azacytidine in vitro. RGX-019-MMAE significantly induced cell death in AML cell lines and primary AML patient samples. RGX-019-MMAE, combined with chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapy, produces a synergistic anti-leukemic effect. Our data indicates that MERTK is a potential therapeutic target in AML patients with monocytic subtypes of leukemia.
IO biomarker
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AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • PTPN11 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
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PTPN11 mutation • MERTK expression
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • azacitidine • RGX-019 • RGX-019-MMAE
5ms
PD-L1-expressing macrophages play a protective role in the joint during arthritis. (PubMed, Arthritis Rheumatol)
PD-L1 macrophages with efferocytotic and anti-inflammatory characteristics protect the synovium from severe arthritis in the CIA mouse model. Tissue-protective PD-L1-expressing macrophages are also present in the human synovium at homeostasis and during rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • IL10 (Interleukin 10)
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PD-L1 expression • MERTK expression
6ms
Mertk-expressing microglia influence oligodendrogenesis and myelin modelling in the CNS. (PubMed, J Neuroinflammation)
These data highlight the importance of microglia in myelination and are the first to identify Mertk as a regulator of oligodendrogenesis and myelin ultrastructure.
Journal
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
7ms
Constitutively Synergistic Multiagent Drug Formulations Targeting MERTK, FLT3, and BCL-2 for Treatment of AML. (PubMed, Pharm Res)
We developed a nanoscale combination drug formulation that exploits ectopic expression of MERTK tyrosine kinase and dependency on BCL-2 family proteins for leukemia cell survival in pediatric AML and infant ALL cells. We demonstrate ratiometric drug delivery and synergistic cell killing in AML, a result achieved by a systematic, generalizable approach of combination drug screening and nanoscale formulation that may be extended to other drug pairs or diseases in the future.
Journal • IO biomarker
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FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
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MLL rearrangement • MERTK expression
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Venclexta (venetoclax) • MRX2843
7ms
GENOME‐WIDE TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS KEY GENES AND PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH THYROID CANCER METASTASIS (ATA 2023)
BVE‐Met cells developed resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4720, but remained sensitive to β‐catenin/KDM4A inhibitor PKF118‐310. In summary, we have identified several targetable genes/pathways in thyroid cancer metastasis. Given the complexity of metastatic cells in evasion of host immune response, simultaneously targeting more than one of these pathways (PDL1, Mertk, IL6, COX‐1/Tbxas1‐TXA2) may be warranted to achieve better therapeutic effect.
PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • IL6 (Interleukin 6) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • CD44 (CD44 Molecule) • CD24 (CD24 Molecule) • CCL11 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11) • CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) • CXCL5 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5) • IL5 (Interleukin 5)
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PD-L1 expression • TP53 mutation • BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • CDKN2A mutation • KRAS G12 • MERTK expression • CD44 expression • MET elevation • CD24 expression
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PLX4720
8ms
Targeting MerTK decreases efferocytosis and increases anti-tumor immune infiltrate in prostate cancer. (PubMed, Med Oncol)
In the prostate cancer mouse model hi-myc, Mertk KO increased anti-tumor immune infiltrate including CD8 T cells. These findings support targeting MerTK-mediated efferocytosis as a novel therapy for prostate cancer.
Journal
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
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MERTK expression
8ms
Corilagin alleviates liver fibrosis in zebrafish and mice by repressing IDO1-mediated M2 macrophage repolarization. (PubMed, Phytomedicine)
Our findings suggest that CRG alleviates liver fibrosis by mediating IDO1-mediated M2 macrophage repolarization.
Preclinical • Journal • IO biomarker
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CD163 (CD163 Molecule) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • IDO1 (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) • IL10 (Interleukin 10) • IL4 (Interleukin 4) • MRC1 (Mannose Receptor C-Type 1) • CD80 (CD80 Molecule) • CD86 (CD86 Molecule)
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MERTK expression • IDO1 expression • IDO1 overexpression
8ms
Tyro3 and CDK9 as biomarkers for drug resistance to breast cancer anti-PD-1 therapies (PubMed, Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi)
Tyro3 and CDK9 are associated with the drug resistance to anti-PD-1 therapies for breast cancer. Inhibiting the expression of Tyro3 and CDK9 can reverse the drug resistance to breast cancer treatment.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • TYRO3 (TYRO3 Protein Tyrosine Kinase) • CDK9 (Cyclin Dependent Kinase 9)
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PD-L1 expression • MERTK expression
9ms
GAS6-based CAR-T cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against pancreatic cancer. (PubMed, J Hematol Oncol)
Our findings indicate that GAS6-CAR-T-cell therapy may be effective for pancreatic cancers with low toxicity.
Journal • CAR T-Cell Therapy
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AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • GAS6 (Growth arrest specific 6)
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MERTK expression
|
gemcitabine
1year
TAM receptor tyrosine kinase MERTK as a therapeutic target in the tumor immune microenvironment in a murine Kras mutant lung cancer model (P943) (IMMUNOLOGY 2023)
Treatment with MRX-2843, a MERTK-selective inhibitor currently in Phase 1 clinical trials, also reduced tumor growth in mice. Together, these data demonstrate a critical role for MERTK as a mediator of tumor progression in the tumor immune microenvironment and implicate MRX-2843 as an effective strategy to exploit this finding in the clinic.
Preclinical
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KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • ITGAM (Integrin, alpha M)
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KRAS mutation • KRAS G12V • KRAS G12 • MERTK expression
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MRX2843
1year
Dual Axl/MerTK inhibitor INCB081776 creates a proinflammatory tumor immune microenvironment and enhances anti-PDL1 efficacy in head and neck cancer. (PubMed, Head Neck)
This data indicates that simultaneous targeting of Axl and MerTK with INCB081776, either alone or in combination with anti-PDL1, slows tumor growth and creates a proinflammatory TIME in mouse models of HNC.
Journal
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AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
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AXL overexpression • MERTK expression
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INCB81776
1year
Molecular profiling of TAM tyrosine kinase receptors and ligands in endometrial carcinoma: An in silico-study. (PubMed, Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol)
We believe that TAM receptors and their ligands may be attractive molecular targets for the treatment of endometrial carcinoma because they act as pleiotropic inhibitors of immune cells, effectively regulate phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, and make the tumor microenvironment a more suitable niche for the tumour.
Journal
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AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • FOLR1 ( Folate receptor alpha ) • CD47 (CD47 Molecule) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • GAS6 (Growth arrest specific 6)
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MERTK expression
1year
AhR regulates the efferocytosis and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through ALKAL1-mediated MerTK activation and promotes melanoma progression (ISID 2023)
Blocking AhR-MerTK signaling also improved the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Collectively, our study revealed the regulatory mechanism of MerTK-mediated efferocytosis of TAMs, thus furthering our understanding of macrophage polarization and providing new strategies for immunotherapy of melanoma.
PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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IL6 (Interleukin 6) • TNFA (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • ARG1 (Arginase 1) • IL1B (Interleukin 1, beta) • MRC1 (Mannose Receptor C-Type 1) • ALKAL1 (ALK And LTK Ligand 1) • CD80 (CD80 Molecule)
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MERTK expression • MRC1 expression
over1year
Inhibition of GAS6/MerTK signaling by novel MerTK antibody, 20A77, exerts significant anti-tumor efficacy with little retinal degeneration in mice (SITC 2022)
Conclusions Novel anti-MerTK antibody, 20A77, which selectively inhibited GAS6-mediated MerTK signaling showed significant anti-tumor activity without retinal degeneration in a mouse model. Our results suggest that the strategy for ligand-selective inhibition of MerTK signaling by the specific antibody could become a novel treatment option with lower retinal toxicity for solid tumors.
Preclinical • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • GAS6 (Growth arrest specific 6)
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MERTK expression
over1year
The expression and significance of efferocytosis and immune checkpoint related molecules in pancancer samples and the correlation of their expression with anticancer drug sensitivity. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol)
The efferocytosis-related molecules were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in many types of cancers and played important roles in resistance to chemotherapy. Combination therapy targeting efferocytosis-related molecules and other immune checkpoint-related molecules is necessary to reduce resistance to chemotherapy.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Pan tumor
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PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • IDO1 (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) • CD28 (CD28 Molecule) • ICAM1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule 1) • RAC1 (Rac Family Small GTPase 1) • GAS6 (Growth arrest specific 6) • TYRO3 (TYRO3 Protein Tyrosine Kinase) • CD31 (Platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) • TNFRSF18 (TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 18) • CX3CL1 (C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1) • PECAM1 (Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1)
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PD-1 expression • MERTK expression • CD31 expression • CTLA4 expression
over1year
Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK) modulates liver fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma development. (PubMed, Front Immunol)
our results confirm that MERTK represents a genetic biomarker for progression of liver disease and are suggestive of translational relevance for the study of downstream pathways involved in fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Journal
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AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • MMP9 (Matrix metallopeptidase 9) • SFRP1 (Secreted frizzled related protein 1) • MMP7 (Matrix metallopeptidase 7)
|
MERTK expression
2years
MERTK INHIBITIOR, MRX-2843, IS A POTENTIAL NOVEL THERAPY IN PEDIATRIC BONE SARCOMAS (ASPHO 2022)
These data validate MERTK as a promising therapeutic target in EWS and support development of MRX-2843 for treatment of EWS and OS, with potential to directly inform and enable a clinical trial in pediatric patients and, ultimately, to improve both outcomes and quality of life for patients with these diseases.
Clinical
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MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • GAS6 (Growth arrest specific 6) • STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6)
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MERTK expression
|
MRX2843
2years
Simultaneous inhibition of Axl and MerTK enhances anti-PDL1 efficacy and creates a pro-inflammatory tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck cancer (AACR 2022)
Finally, the combination of INCB081776 and anti-PDL1 was superior to either treatment alone in slowing tumor growth. Together, these studies indicate that INCB081776 cooperates with anti-PDL1 in a syngeneic mouse model of HNC to slow tumor growth and create a pro-inflammatory environment, especially in immunologically cold tumors, thereby highlighting the potential clinical benefit of this therapeutic combination.
Clinical
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
|
INCB81776
2years
Targeting MerTK-mediated efferocytosis in the prostate cancer TME (AACR 2022)
We will be comparing tumor size and immune infiltration between Mertk+/+ and Mertk-/- Hi-Myc mice aged to 2 months, 6 months and 12 months. We predict that the Mertk-/- mice will have smaller tumors and an overall anti-tumor immune infiltrate compared to Mertk+/+ mice in this model due to lack of efferocytosis.
PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
|
PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • MRC1 (Mannose Receptor C-Type 1)
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MERTK expression
2years
MerTK tumorigenesis and immune evasion mechanisms in triple negative breast cancer (AACR 2022)
Immunoblot analysis showed that PD-L1 was upregulated in MerTK-overexpressing 4T1 cells. We will utilize this cell line to evaluate tumor growth and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment in BALB/C mice.
PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • CD74 (CD74 Molecule) • CXCL10 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
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PD-L1 overexpression • MERTK expression
over2years
Targeting MERTK and AXL in EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
Thus, MERTK and AXL are attractive biologic targets for NSCLC treatment. Here, we will review physiologic and oncologic roles for MERTK and AXL with an emphasis on the potential to target these kinases in NSCLCs with activating EGFR mutations.
Review • Journal
|
EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
EGFR mutation • MERTK expression
over2years
The role of MerTK in promoting cell migration is enhanced by the oncogenic Ras/IL-33 signaling axis. (PubMed, FEBS J)
Ras signaling was essential for the tyrosine phosphorylation of MerTK, and the kinase activity of MerTK was indispensable for accelerating cell migration. Collectively, the present results reveal a novel role for MerTK in cancer malignancy, which may be utilized to develop novel therapeutic strategies that target Ras-transformed cells.
Journal
|
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase) • IL33 (Interleukin 33)
|
KRAS mutation • KRAS G12V • KRAS G12 • MERTK expression • HRAS G12V
over2years
MERTK on mononuclear phagocytes regulates T cell antigen recognition at autoimmune and tumor sites. (PubMed, J Exp Med)
MERTK also regulated T cell arrest in melanoma tumors. These data indicate that MERTK signaling in mononuclear phagocytes drives T cell regulation at inflammatory disease sites in peripheral tissues through a mechanism that reduces the sensitivity of scanning for antigen leading to reduced responsiveness to antigen.
Journal • IO biomarker
|
MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
almost3years
[VIRTUAL] Mononuclear phagocytes drive Mertk-dependent T cell regulation at autoimmune and tumor sites (IMMUNOLOGY 2021)
In human islets, the number of Mertk-expressing cells were increased in remaining insulin-containing islets from type 1 diabetic patients, suggesting that they might have a protective role in human disease. These data indicate that Mertk signaling in MNPs drives T cell regulation that functions specifically at the disease site in peripheral tissues through a mechanism that prevents T cell arrest and hinders response to antigen.
IO biomarker
|
MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression
almost3years
[VIRTUAL] Mononuclear phagocytes drive Mertk-dependent T cell regulation at autoimmune and tumor sites (IMMUNOLOGY 2021)
In human islets, the number of Mertk-expressing cells were increased in remaining insulin-containing islets from type 1 diabetic patients, suggesting that they might have a protective role in human disease. These data indicate that Mertk signaling in MNPs drives T cell regulation that functions specifically at the disease site in peripheral tissues through a mechanism that prevents T cell arrest and hinders response to antigen.
IO biomarker
|
MERTK (MER Proto-Oncogene, Tyrosine Kinase)
|
MERTK expression