To evaluate the efficacy of applying mecapegfilgrastim for peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in patients with hematologic neoplasms, and to investigate the influencing factors of PBSC collection. Furthermore, combined mobilization with plerixafor was feasible and effective. Patients with leukemia or lymphoma, anemia, and WBC<32×10 L before stem cell collection have a high probability of PBSC collection failure.