In addition, the effect of LINRIS overexpression was reversed by miR-34a overexpression. Therefore, LINRIS siRNA silencing in GC may promote cell apoptosis by promoting miR-34a maturation.

P2, N=26, Suspended, ViiV Healthcare | Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Nov 2024 | Not yet recruiting --> Suspended | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Nov 2024

P1, N=67, Suspended, ViiV Healthcare | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Jan 2026 | Not yet recruiting --> Suspended | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Jan 2026

Tumor-derived DEFB1 can inhibit the maturation of DC and weaken the function of CD8+ T cells, accounting for the immune tolerance in ESCC. The role of DEFB1 in ESCC deserves further exploration.

P1, N=91, Not yet recruiting, ViiV Healthcare

Higher hepatic A1R expression is observed in patients with MAFL/MASH and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which is supposed to be a physiologically adaptive response because A1R agonists attenuate MAFL/MASH in an A1R-dependent manner. These results highlight that hepatic A1R is a potential target for MAFL/MASH therapy.

MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.

P2, N=85, Terminated, ViiV Healthcare | Phase classification: P2b --> P2

In contrast, the nullification of reduced JNK phosphorylation by anisomycin, a potent JNK activator, increased the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers. Overall, our data indicated that 4T1-EVs affect osteoblast maturation, at least partially, through the regulation of JNK activity, which provides novel insights into the pathological impact of osteolytic bone metastasis and the role of EVs in osteoblast differentiation.

P2, N=169, Terminated, ViiV Healthcare | The decision is not based on any safety or efficacy concerns. It reflects the company strategy for portfolio progression.

Our findings unravel an unexpected role of transcription factor RXRα in specific miRNA maturation at post-transcriptional level through pre-miRNA binding, and present a mechanistic insight regarding RXRα role in breast cancer progression.

Down-regulation of STAT3 could enhance siDAB2IP cells sensitivity to IR, accompanied by the decrease of VEGF expression. Our data support that loss of DAB2IP confers radio-resistance of BCa could be due to increased hypoxia, inhibited vascular maturation and promoted VM formation. STAT3 inhibition could be a potential way to overcome such DAB2IP-deficient induced tolerance in BCT.

Combining this treatment with the XPO1 inhibitor Selinexor (Sel) can ideally preserve the stabilized p53 in the nucleus, considerably enhancing the efficacy of HEN-463 and addressing Sel's drug resistance...In NPM1-mutant AML cells, decreased LAS1 expression promotes proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell cycle arrest. This suggests that it may be a therapeutic target for this kind of blood cancer, especially in patients over the age of 60.

PSMG3-AS1 increased OSCC cell proliferation and tumor growth and suppressed the inhibitory role of miR-141 in cell proliferation and tumor growth. Therefore, PSMG3-AS1 may inhibit the maturation of miR-141 to promote OSCC cell proliferation.

RUNX1-IT1 may suppress the GC cell movement by inhibiting the maturation of miR-20a.

This cholesterol-receptor interaction and ensuing receptor lipidation uncover a novel mechanism by which Fzd5 acts as a cholesterol sensor and pivotal connection coupling lipid metabolism to morphogen signaling. These findings further suggest that cholesterol-targeting may provide new therapeutic opportunities for treating Wnt-dependent cancers.

eIF2B mutant astrocytes may secrete abnormal extracellular matrix (HA, LAMA4, BGN, FBN1, VASN, PCOLCE, MFAP4), cytokines (IL-6, CRABP1, ISG15), growth factors (PDGF-AA, CNTF, IGF-II, sFRP1, SERPINF1) and increased FABP7, which might lead to the differentiation and maturation disorder of OPCs. We analyzed the astrocyte-conditioned medium to find the key secretory molecules affecting the differentiation and maturation of OPCs, which provides potential clues for further research on the mechanism of VWM.

This study found that E6E7 oncogene activates the transcription of GSK3β; GSK3β can promote the ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation of FTO and reduce the level of FTO protein; FTO inhibits the maturation and translation of HK2 mRNA by retaining HK2 pre-mRNA in the nucleus.

Extracellular Hsp90ab1 and Myh9 exerted the anti-tumor action and inhibited the maturation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the activation of PI3K generated tumor-suppressive proteomes in MSCs and supported the possibility of using patient-derived MSCs for the treatment of breast cancer and bone metastasis.

SLC16A1-AS1 suppressed the enhancing effects of miR-5088-5p on cell proliferation. SLC16A1-AS1 was downregulated in OSCC and it may inhibit cell proliferation by suppressing maturation of miR-5088-5p.

Additionally, we show that the production of RHX6 is under the control of the alternative splicing regulator RNA binding motif protein-4 (RBM4). Our findings suggest that differential splicing of the RHBDF1 gene transcript may have a regulatory role in the development of epithelial cell cancers.

GDF-15 further polarizes myeloid cells towards a tumor-promoting, anti-inflammatory phenotype.Byinducing a more pro-inflammatory tumor phenotype, anti-GDF-15 antibodies may synergize with other immunotherapeutic agents. A clinical phase 2 trial combining anti-GDF-15 (CTL002) with anti-PD-1 (NCT04725474) is ongoing.

FAM230B increased cell proliferation and suppressed the role of miR-203 in inhibiting cell proliferation. FAM230B in the cytoplasm may sponge premature miR-203, thereby inhibiting miR-203 maturation to increase OS cell proliferation.

Our results implicate a negative feedback of m6A reader YTHDF3 and glycolytic lncRNA DICER1-AS1 is involved in glycolysis and tumorigenesis of PC.

3. CXCL1 activates the PKD2/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the production of IFN-γ and the expression of CD107a in NK cells.

GDF-15 secretion helps tumors to generate a microenvironment that is poorly infiltrated by immune cells. GDF-15 further polarizes myeloid cells towards a tumor-promoting, anti-inflammatory phenotype. By inducing a more pro-inflammatory tumor phenotype, anti-GDF-15 antibodies may synergize with other immunotherapeutic agents.

Globin heme incorporation was not only dependent on elevated sGCα1β1 heterodimer formation, but also influenced by iron provision and magnitude of expression of GAPDH, d-aminolevulinic acid, and FLVCR1b. Together, our data support an important role for GAPDH in the maturation of myoglobin and γ, β, and α hemoglobins.

Tremelimumab in combination with MEDI3617 is safe in patients with advanced melanoma. Angiopoietin-2 inhibition in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition warrants further exploration.

In the open field test on day 21 postnatal, behavioural parameters did not differ between groups. Our results indicated that inhibited maturation of astrocytes caused by maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency hindered the development of brain glial cells of neonatal rats and hence, maternal n-3 PUFA intake during the gestation and lactation periods may have been crucial for the brain cell composition of pups.

Moreover, miR-23a overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of circPTK2 overexpression on cell behaviors. CircPTK2 might suppress cancer cell invasion and migration by inhibiting the maturation of miR-23a.

Applying GAG-degrading enzymes or overexpressing β-glucuronidase rescues Thap1 OL maturation deficits in vitro and in vivo. Our studies establish lysosomal GAG catabolism within OPCs as a critical mechanism regulating oligodendrocyte development.

CircRHOBTB3 is downregulated in HCC and may suppress cell proliferation by reducing miR-18a production.

This study reveals a previously undescribed mechanism by which YB1 promotes cancer progression by regulating the miR-205/200b-ZEB1 axis in HCC cells. Furthermore, these results highlight that YB1 may play biological functions via miRNAs-mediated gene regulation, and it can serve as a potential therapeutic target in human cancers.

These findings indicated that osteosarcoma-derived SEVs enhance distant metastasis of osteosarcomas by inhibiting osteoclast maturation, which may be a useful prognostic marker. This diagnostic method may enable to predict malignancy at early stage, and help to provide optimal care to patients with risk of high malignancy.

On the other hand, regulatory T and regulatory B cells modulate the immune response from CD8 T cells and NK cells by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines and inhibiting maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These regulatory cells are typically associated with poor prognosis, therefore rendering suppression of their regulatory function a key immunotherapeutic strategy.

Our data indicate that GPR55 represents a target for development of novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of pathological conditions caused by osteoclast-exacerbated bone degradation, such as in osteoporosis or during establishment of bone metastases. Video abstract.

Our data demonstrate that IDO1 affects the process of immune cells recruitment via inhibiting DCs maturation and subsequent T cells proliferation, resulting in the promotion of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, amelioration of immune responses in hepatic and splenic microenvironment by targeting IDO1 might be essential for the therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis.

Consistent with the results in vitro, we confirmed that DMC protects bone destruction caused by tumor metastasis in vivo. In short, our study confirmed that DMC could be used as a potential drug for the treatment of tumor bone destruction.