Lucentis (ranibizumab)

P2, N=187, Completed, Hoffmann-La Roche | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P3, N=634, Active, not recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Trial completion date: Feb 2025 --> Nov 2026

P3, N=400, Active, not recruiting, Outlook Therapeutics, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P3, N=600, Completed, Lupin Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Oct 2022 --> May 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2022 --> May 2024

P3, N=990, Active, not recruiting, Opthea Limited | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1, N=29, Completed, Ocular Therapeutix, Inc. | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Jan 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Jan 2024

P1/2, N=251, Recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Phase classification: P1 --> P1/2

P2, N=115, Recruiting, AbbVie | Trial completion date: Jan 2024 --> Aug 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2023 --> Oct 2025

P3, N=488, Active, not recruiting, Bio-Thera Solutions | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P3, N=388, Active, not recruiting, Shanghai Henlius Biotech | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> Dec 2024

P3, N=634, Active, not recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Trial completion date: Feb 2024 --> Feb 2025

Ranibizumab not only maintained but also improved visual acuity and has been approved worldwide for the treatment of wet AMD and other neovascular disorders. Other VEGF inhibitors, including bevacizumab and aflibercept, have also resulted in significant clinical benefits. Today anti-VEGF drugs represent the most effective therapy for intraocular neovascularization. Current research addresses the need to reduce the frequency of intravitreal injections as well the identification of additional pro-angiogenic pathways that could result in improving therapeutic outcomes.

P1, N=24, Completed, Shanghai Biomabs Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P4, N=0, Withdrawn, Wake Forest University Health Sciences | N=150 --> 0 | Suspended --> Withdrawn

P3, N=990, Recruiting, Opthea Limited | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Jul 2026

P3, N=990, Recruiting, Opthea Limited | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jul 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jul 2025

P3, N=70, Recruiting, Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd

P2/3, N=300, Recruiting, AbbVie | Phase classification: P2b --> P2/3

P3, N=280, Recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P=N/A, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Nantes University Hospital

P=N/A, N=13, Completed, Rigshospitalet, Denmark

The drugs currently used for treatment, such as ranibizumab, mainly focus on the middle and late periods of DR, and thus do not meet the clinical need...Moreover, CDDP reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors in both the retina and serum. These findings strongly suggest that CDDP prevents early DR through vascular and neuroprotection.

P3, N=400, Recruiting, Outlook Therapeutics, Inc. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P4, N=185, Recruiting, Genentech, Inc. | N=58 --> 185 | Trial completion date: Jan 2024 --> Apr 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Apr 2027

P3, N=400, Not yet recruiting, Outlook Therapeutics, Inc.

P2, N=34, Completed, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd. | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd.

P3, N=280, Not yet recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche

P4, N=150, Suspended, Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Recruiting --> Suspended

P2, N=394, Active, not recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P3, N=442, Recruiting, Laboratorios Sophia S.A de C.V. | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Aug 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Aug 2025

P3, N=990, Recruiting, Opthea Limited | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024

P1, N=251, Recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: May 2025 --> Feb 2026

P2, N=120, Recruiting, Carmen Clapp | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Feb 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2022 --> Nov 2023

P1 | N=25 | Completed | Sponsor: Janssen Research & Development, LLC | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P3 | N=560 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Hoffmann-La Roche | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Sep 2025

VEGFA, IL6, MAPK3, INS, TNF, MAPK8, MMP9, CXCL8, EGF, and PTGS2 were recognized as network hub genes using the maximum clique centrality algorithm available in cytoHubba, and nine potential drug candidates (ranibizumab, siltuximab, sulindac, pomalidomide, dexrazoxane, endostatin, pamidronic acid, cetuximab, and apricoxib) for lip and oral cavity cancer were identified from the DGIdb database. Gene enrichment analysis was also performed to identify the gene ontology categorization of cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, and biological pathways. The genes identified in this study could furnish a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and provide more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of lip and oral cavity cancer.